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Biology
Variation and evolution flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is variation? | differences between individuals, including sizes, features and complexities. |
| What are the two types of variation? | continuous and dicontinuous |
| What are inherited causes of variation, give examples. | natural hair colour, gender, eye colour, nose shape |
| What are environmental causes of variation, give examples. | scars, tattoos, dyed hair colour, sun-tan |
| What is inherited variation caused by? | genes |
| Where do the genes come from that cause inherited variation? | parents (gametes) |
| What are 4 things that can cause environment variation? | climate, lifestyle, culture, diet |
| What is the female gamete in plants called? | ovules |
| What is the male gamete in plants called? | pollen |
| which type of reproduction involves only 1 parent? | asexual |
| Are offspring genetically identical in asexual reproduction? | Yes |
| What happens if the parent with faulty genetic material reproduces asexually? | it is passed on to the offspring |
| What is one advantage of sexual reproduction? | genetic variation in offspring, helps species to evolve and survive |
| What's one advantage of asexual reproduction? | .involves one parent only .doesn't waste time and energy looking for partner .very fast process . can produce lots of offspring fast |
| What's the definition for inheritance? | passing on characteristics from the parent to the child |
| What's the definition of mutation? | A change in the genetic material of an organism, can be a sudden change |
| What's a disadvantage of sexual reproduction? | . time and energy needed to find partner . slow process .not possible for isolated individuals .less offspring produced |
| what's a disadvantage of asexual reproduction? | . almost all individuals are the same, no variation . High mortality rate . population for susceptible to disease and change to the environment |
| What are some of the harmful effects of mutations? | ' Cystic fibrosis . cancer |
| What is cystic fibrosis? | inherited disease that causes the over-production of thick mucus that blocks the bronchioles and the digestive ducts |
| Is cystic fibrosis an inherited dominant or recessive allele? | recessive allele |
| What is gene therapy? | insertion of normal (healthy) genes into an individual to treat a disease |
| What are the advantages of gene therapy? | . can relieve symptoms of a disease . if targeted early can stop progression of a disease . can potentially prevent and eliminate hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis |
| What are the disadvantages of gene therapy? | . Its a very expensive technique . treatment can sometimes be temporary and not fix the underlying issue . can lead to designer babies by modifying DNA |
| Exposure to what type of radiation can cause mutation? | ionising radiation |
| What is meant by the term 'survival of the fittest'? | Individuals with characteristics adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and thrive than others in their area. |
| What is evolution? | A change in an individuals genes to give them an advantage over time. |
| Who were the two scientists who worked on the idea of evolution at the same time? | Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin |
| Explain the process of natural selection? | individuals with a species show variation, due to differences in genes, this variation can sometimes be called by mutations, Individuals with the best characteristics for the environment will survive and breed, passing on the genes to the next generation |
Created by:
willum
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