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Biology
Variation and evolution flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is variation? | differences between individuals, including sizes, features and complexities. |
| What are the two types of variation? | continuous and dicontinuous |
| What are inherited causes, give examples. | natural hair colour, gender, eye colour, nose shape |
| What are environmental causes of variation, give examples. | scars, tattoos, dyed hair colour, sun-tan |
| What is inherited variation caused by? | genes |
| Where do the genes come from that cause inherited variation? | parents (gametes) |
| What are 4 things that can cause environment variation? | climate, lifestyle, culture, diet |
| What is the female gamete in plants called? | ovules |
| What is the male gamete in plants called? | pollen |
| which type of reproduction involves only 1 parent? | asexual |
| Are offspring genetically identical in asexual reproduction? | Yes |
| What happens if the parent with faulty genetic material reproduces asexually? | it is passed on to the offspring |
| What is one advantage of sexual reproduction? | genetic variation in offspring, helps species to evolve and survive |
| What's one advantage of asexual reproduction? | .involves one parent only .doesn't waste time and energy looking for partner .very fast process . can produce lots of offspring fast |
| What's the definition for inheritance? | passing on characteristics from the parent to the child |
| What's the definition of mutation? | A change in the genetic material of an organism, can be a sudden change |
| What's a disadvantage of sexual reproduction? | . time and energy needed to find partner . slow process .not possible for isolated individuals .less offspring produced |
| what's a disadvantage of asexual reproduction? | . almost all individuals are the same, no variation . High mortality rate . population for susceptible to disease and change to the environment |
| What are some of the harmful effects of mutations? | ' Cystic fibrosis . cancer |
| What is cystic fibrosis? | inherited disease that causes the over-production of thick mucus that blocks the bronchioles and the digestive ducts |
| Is cystic fibrosis an inherited dominant or recessive allele? | recessive allele |
| What is gene therapy? | insertion of normal (healthy) genes into an individual to treat a disease |
| What are the advantages of gene therapy? | . can relieve symptoms of a disease . if targeted early can stop progression of a disease . can potentially prevent and eliminate hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis |
| What are the disadvantages of gene therapy? | . Its a very expensive technique . treatment can sometimes be temporary and not fix the underlying issue . can lead to designer babies by modifying DNA |
| Exposure to what type of radiation can cause mutation? | ionising radiation |
| What is meant by the term 'survival of the fittest'? | Individuals with characteristics adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and thrive than others in their area. |
| What is evolution? | A change in an individuals genes to give them an advantage over time. |
| Who were the two scientists who worked on the idea of evolution at the same time? | Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin |
Created by:
willum
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