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Ecology quiz
unit 7 powerpoint 1, unit 8 powerpoints one and two
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| systematics | -classification of organisms and determining evolutionary relationships |
| taxonomy | -naming and classification of species |
| phylogenetics | -hypothesis of evolutionary history using phylogenetic trees |
| phylogenetic trees | -diagrams that represent evolutionary history of a group of organisms |
| cladograms | -trees that show amount of change over time measured by fossils |
| sister taxa | -two clades emerging from same node |
| basal taxon | -lineage evolved from root and remains unbranched |
| synapomorphy | -derived character shared by clade members -derived characteristics and ancestral characteristic |
| derived characteristic | -similarly inherited characteristic from most recent ancestor |
| ancestral characteristic | -characteristic that arose prior to common ancestor |
| node | -represent common ancestors -nodes and branches are called clades -species in a clade share a derived feature |
| root | -common ancestor of species |
| outgroup | -in many cladograms and trees -has the lineage least closely related to the rest of the organisms |
| monophyletic | -most common ancestor and all its descendants |
| polyphyletic | -does not include most recent common ancestor of all group members |
| paraphyletic | -most recent common ancestor -not all descendants |
| principle of parsimony | -hypothesis that requires fewest assumptions -used if there are conflicts among characteristics |
| behavioral ecology | -study of how behavior arises -ecology and evolution |
| behavior | -response to stimulus -both internal and external |
| nature vs nurture | -genetics vs enviroment |
| proximate cause | -stimulus that causes a behavior -the "how" |
| ultimate cause | -how the behavior has impacted survival -the "why" |
| innate behaviors | -developmentally fixed behaviors that are hereditary or taught by parents -experiences have no impact on behavior -fixed action pattern, migration, pheromones, stimulus response chains, body movement, directed movements (kinesis and taxis) |
| migration | -regular long distance change in location -triggered by environmental cues (sun position, magnetic field celestial cues) |
| directed movements | -towards or away from stimulus -kinesis and taxis (phototaxis, geotaxis, chemotaxis) |
| kinesis | -nondirectional movement from stimulus |
| taxis | -can be positive (towards) or negative (away) from stimulus -phototaxis, geotaxis, chemotaxis |
| phototaxis | -response to light -type of taxis |
| geotaxis | -response to gravity -type of taxis |
| chemotaxis | -response to chemicals -type of taxis |
| fixed action pattern | -unlearned acts linked to stimulus -actions carried out and unchangeable once started -triggered by external cues |
Created by:
26salisburb
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