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Biology
DNA and inheritance flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the shape of DNA? | double-helix |
| What is the ladder-like structure (backbone) made of in DNA? | sugar and phosphate molecules? |
| What are the two chains on the backbone linked with? | chemical bases |
| What are the 4 chemical bases? | Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine(G) cytosine (C) |
| What are the two pairs that the 4 bases always form? | Adenine(A) pairs with Thymine (T) Guanine(G) pairs with Cytosine(C) |
| What is a 'triple code'? | 3 bases together |
| What does one triplet code identify? | one amino acid |
| In the cytoplasm, triplet codes are used to identify and link amino acids together to form...? | proteins (protein synthesis) |
| What is genetic profiling? | taking a blood sample from someone, extracting their DNA and making a profile of someone. |
| How does genetic profiling help in solving crimes? | they can identify criminals if DNA profile matches |
| What else can DNA profiling be used for other than in crime scenes? | identifying a child's father when it is not certain |
| What is an allele? | A different form of the same gene, come in pairs |
| What is a dominant allele? | An allele that is always expressed when it is present (upper case letter) |
| What is a recessive allele? | An allele that is only expressed when the dominant allele is not present (lower case letter) |
| What is 'phenotype'? | The physical appearance of an individual for a characteristics (e.g. blue eyes) |
| What is 'heterozygous'? | two copies of different alleles for a gene (e.g. Bb) |
| What is 'genotype'? | The genetic make-up of an individual / the alleles that determine the characteristics |
| What does 'F2' mean? | second generation |
| What does 'homozygous' mean? | Two copies of the same allele for a gene (Both dominant BB or recessive bb) |
| What does 'selfing' mean? | self-fertilisation, breeding a plant with itself |
| What does 'F1' mean? | first generation |
| What is genetic modification? | manipulation of genetic information, even swapping characteristics between different species |
| What can insulin be used to treat? | diabetes |
| What are bacterial rings of DNA called that are used in genetic engineering? | plasmids |
| What was the name of the monk in the 19th century who used plants to understand the mechanism of inheritance? | Gregor Mendel |
| What are advantages and disadvantages of using GM crops? | advantages - grow in extreme conditions, produce bigger yields, can have extra vitamins good for humans, make food cheaper. Disadvantages - forced to buy new seeds every time, don't know the affects on humans right now, can lead to 'designer humans'. |
| How is sex determined through chromosomes? | The 23rd pair of chromosomes determine whether a baby is male or female |
Created by:
willum
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