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animal development

biol 1210 18.2

QuestionAnswer
describe development events during embryonic development from fertilized egg the zygote goes thru cleavage (2 cell to 32 cell) -> blastula ("ring" of cells around edge of zygote) -> gastrulation (inward folding of the blastula to form blastocel) -> organogenesis & development of tail-bud embryo
list steps 1-8 of egg fertilization sperm contacts egg's jelly coat -> acrosomal reaction -> depolarization of egg membrane -> fusion of egg & sperm membranes -> increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels -> cortical reaction -> egg activation -> entry of sperm nucleus & fusion w egg nucleus
describe the acrosomal reaction of fertilization the burst of the acrosome in the sperm & release of hydrolytic enzymes & binding btwn sperm proteins & sperm-binding receptors on egg, letting sperm "eat through" jelly coat of egg
describe the cortical reaction of fertilization in the egg, enzymes are released from cortical granules which clip off the egg receptors and lift & harden the vitelline layer (under jelly coat), forming fertilization envelope
define polyspermy & describe the prevention of polyspermy fertilization by more than one sperm, can be mainly achieved by: changing electrical potential of egg membrane (making it more neg. on the outside and blocking polar sperm head) or modification in zona pellucida of egg (outside layers)
which steps of fertilization prevent polyspermy? the depolarization of the egg membrane (fast block) and the cortical reaction (slow block)
describe calcium & egg activation during fertilization the release of Ca2+ (from E.R) in the seconds after fertilization spreads & activates the egg = increasing the rate of cellular respiration & protein synthesis in the egg
Created by: AntBanana
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