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nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A neuron's nucleus is located in its _____. | cell body |
| A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____. | dendrites |
| A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____. | axons |
| An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to _____. | node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier |
| Axons insulated by a(n) _____ are able to conduct impulses faster that those not so insulated. | myelin sheath |
| What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron? | Schwann cells |
| What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector? | synaptic terminal |
| What is the primary function of a neuron? See Section 39.1 (Page) . | Neurons receive, process, and transmit information. |
| Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? See Section 39.1 (Page) . | dendrites |
| Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that is involved in controlling voluntary movement and is strongly associated with emotion and reward-motivated behavior? | dopamine |
| A neuron has a resting potential of about _____ millivolts. | –70 |
| An action potential moves along a(n) _____. | axon |
| Which of these causes the release of neurotransmitter molecules? | an action potential reaching the end of the axon |
| The space between an axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron is called a(n) _____. | synaptic cleft |
| Neurons store neurotransmitter molecules in vesicles located within _____. | synaptic terminals |
| When a neuron is at its resting potential | there are more potassium ions inside the neuron than outside. |
| Which of the following events is the first to occur during an action potential? | Sodium channels open. |
| The small space between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron is the | synaptic cleft. |
| A molecule that carries information across a synaptic cleft is a | neurotransmitter |
| When calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal, | they cause vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse to the plasma membrane of the sending neuron. |
| When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron, | ion channels in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron open. |
| If a signal from a sending neuron makes the receiving neuron more negative inside, | the receiving neuron is less likely to generate an action potential. |
| Which of the following would increase the speed of information flow from the cell body of the sending neuron to the dendrites of the receiving neuron? See Section 39.2 (Page) . | covering the axon with myelin |
| Part complete You have invented a new poison that prevents communication between neurons. To determine the exact mode of action of this poison, you add neurotransmitter to the synaptic cleft, but find that the postsynaptic neuron remains unstimulated | The poison interferes with the receptor proteins on the postsynaptic neuron. |
| Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that provides for communication between neurons and skeletal muscle cells? See Section 39.2 (Page) . | acetylcholine |
| Your neurons transmit stimuli (sound, touch, odor, etc.) to your brain in the form of action potentials. How then does your brain distinguish between the various types of stimuli? See Section 39.3 (Page) . | The brain determines the type of receptor and the region of the brain receiving the action potentials. |
| What protects the brain and spinal cord from physical injury and nourishes the cells of the central nervous system? See Section 39.5 (Page) . | cerebrospinal fluid |
| You are walking barefoot and step on a tack. All of the following will occur EXCEPT __________. See Section 39.5 (Page) . | you screaming just before you lift your foot |
| Which part of the human brain is the largest in size? See Section 39.5 (Page) . | cerebrum |
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