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H&C Anemias
H&C Anemias NUR235
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hematopoiesis occurs where ? | bone marrow |
| What are primitive cells called ? | stem cells |
| leukocytes are also known as ___________ | WBCs |
| the body's volume of blood is an average of how many liters | 6 |
| the major function of WBCs is: | to fight infection |
| the major function of neutrophils is: | preent or limit bacterial infection via phagocytosis |
| the major function of monocytes: | is a macrophage and is especially effective against fungus |
| eosinophiles are involved in what reaction ? | allergic |
| what lymphocytes are the surveillance system ? | T lymphocytes |
| what do platelets primarily do ? | provides basis for coagulation maintain hemostasis |
| what is necessary for synthesis of DNA in RBCs? | vitamin B12 and folate |
| where do you derive Vitamin B12 and folate (get it from) | diet |
| where is folate absorbed ? | in the small intestine |
| B12 is found in what foods ? | animal origin (so vegans and vegetarians need supplements) |
| Where is intrinsic factor produced? | in the stomach |
| B12 and folate deficiencies cause abnormally large__________ | erythrocytes (they are megaloblastic) |
| What his hemostasis ? | process of preventing blood loss |
| Elderly have a decreased ability for their body to respond to the body's need for red blood cells. This is called: | leukopenia |
| Hemloytic anemia is defined as ________________ | premature destruction of erythrocytes |
| What is hemolysis ? | destruction of RBCs |
| Your patient is anemic and their oxygen saturation is 90% on room air. They are fatigued. What is your explanation to them regarding this ? | they have a decreased oxygen carrying capability of the blood |
| MCV in iron defiicency anemia is : low, normal or high ? | low |
| MCV in B12 deficiency is: low, normal or high ? | high |
| MCV in folate deficiency is: low, normal, or high ? | high |
| anemia of chronic disease such as kidney disease the MCV is: low, normal, or high? | normal |
| anemia from cancer or inflammation, the MCV is: low, normal, or high ? | normal |
| Janudice, angular cheilitis and brittel, concave, ridged nails may be associated with which anemia ? | megaloblastic |
| when hemoglobin is low the cardiac rate is : brady or tachy | tachy |
| What does coffee ground emesis indicate? | bleeding in the gi tract , it is old blood |
| You are educating your patient about testing their stool for occult blood. They ask what occult means. You respond how ? | it is blood you cannot see, but will be detected with a test called a guaiac |
| What is the most common complication of anemia ? | fatigue |
| The most common type of anemia across all age groups ? | iron deficiency |
| What is a common cause of iron deficiency anemia | blood loss |
| most common casue of anemia in women ? | menses |
| most common cause of anemia in those that do not mensturate ? | gi bleeding from ulcers, gastritis, tumors and IBD p. 798 |
| common symptoms of IDA ? | smooth, red tongue, brittle spoon shaped nails, angular cheilosis, leg cramps, difficulty swallowing |
| what are the types of iron supplements available for those with IDA ? | ferrous sulfate, gluconate or fumarate, ferric maltol |
| how long does it take for anemia to improve after starting supplements ? | within a few weeks , full correction in a few months |
| a patient with anemia is started taking an oral supplement in March, they want to know when they may be able to stop taking it (if anemia resolves) | September at earliest and may need to take until March of following year |
| Your patient is taking an oral iron supplement and their Hemoglobin level remains at 8.5. they are taking it correctly and with vitamin C. what do you advise them might be the next step for treatment ? | IV iron |
| Your patient is asking what foods contain iron what food is RICH in iron ? | organ meat |
| What other foods are rich in iron aside from organ meat ? | regular meat, beans, green leafy vegetables, raisins and molasses |
| Your patient asks when should they take their iron with regards to eating their meals. You respond: | take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals p. 799 |
| Your patient is complaining of not tolerating their iron and would like to stop taking it. How do you respond ? | they may take it with meals |
| Your patient states they take antacids sometimes and they are prescribed iron. What do you tell them ? | advise them to avoid taking this medication while taking iron |
| Your patient is taking an iron pill and asks if they can switch to a liquid form ? What do you tell them ? | Liquid form causes less GI distress p. 799 |
| Your patient is prescribed iron and they must take it 3 times daily. They will be starting this medication the next day after they pick it up from the pharmacy. How do you educate them to take the medication to avoid GI upset ? | Take one tablet per day for the first few days, then increase to two tablets per day, then three tablets per day in divided doses |
| aplastic anemia is characterized by what ? | severe anemia AND thrombocytopenia |
| What is pancytopenia ? | anemia + neutropenia + thrombocytopenia |
| What is hemochromatosis ? | excess iron stores |
| Where is iron deposited with hemochromatosis ? | liver, skin and pancrease (less frequently the heart, testes, thyroid) |
| How is hemochromotosis treated ? | phlebotomy |
| What hereditary condition causes hypchromia ? | thalassemia |
| Who has highest prevalence of thalassemias ? | Mediterranean, African and Southeast Asian |
| Which type of thalassemia is considered mild ? | alpha thalassemia minor |
| G 6 PD deficiency causes hemolytic effect in persons who take what kind of medications? | sulfadiazine, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethozazole, moxifloxacin and chloramphenicol and anti-malarial drugs |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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