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Pediatrics

Pediatrics for the Step 2 CK and Rotations

QuestionAnswer
What indicates a global developmental delay? Delays in two or more types of development
At what age do most children start toilet training? 2
Bedwetting/Primary nocturnal enuresus is normal until what age? 5
What is the treatment for bedwetting beyond 6y of age? Positive reinforcement Desmopressin Anticholinergic medications (imipramine)
What variables are recorded at every well-child checkup for the first 2 years? Head circumference, height, and weight
What percentile of head circumference is considered macrocephaly and microcephaly? Macro: >97% Micro: <3%
How does infant weight fluctuate in the first 2 weeks? Lose 5-10% of BW over the first few days but return to BW by day 14
How does infant weight fluctuate in the first 2 years? Double the BW by 4-5 months, triple by 1 year, and quadruple by 2 years
Milestones at 2 months Gross motor: Lifts head/chest when prone Fine motor: Tracks objects past midline Language: Alerts to sounds and coos Social/Cognitive: Recognizes parents and exhibits social smile
Milestones at 4-5 months Gross motor: Begins rolling Fine motor: Grasps rattle Language: Squeals, alerts to voice, begins to make consonant sounds Social/cognitive: Enjoys looking around, laughs
Milestones at 6 months Gross motor: Sits unassisted Fine motor: Transfers objects from one hand to another, raking grasp Language: Babbles, responds to name Social/cognitive: Stranger anxiety
Milestones at 9-11 months Gross motor: Crawls, cruises, pulls to stand Fine motor: uses three finger pincer grasp Language: nonspecific mama/dada, first word at 11 months Social/Cognitive: Waves bye-bye, plays pat a cake
Milestones at 12 months Gross motor: Walks alone and throws object Fine motor: Two finger pincer grasp Language: 1-3 words, follows one-step commands Social/cognitive: imitates actions, separation anxiety, follows one-step commands
Milestones at 18 months Gross motor: Runs Fine motor: Builds towers of 2-4 cubes Language: Uses 10-50 words Social/Cognitive: Participates in pretend play
Milestones at 2 years Gross motor: Walks up/down steps; jumps Fine motor: Builds tower of six cubes Language: Two word phrases. follows two-step commands, speech 50% intelligible; vocabulary >50 word SocialCognitive: Follows two-step commands, removes clothes, parallel play
Milestones at 3 years Gross motor: Tricycle, climbs stairs with alternating feet Fine motor: copies a circle, utensils Language: sentences 3-4 words, speech 75% intelligible Social/Cognitive: brushes teeth with help, washes hands, understands gender, imaginative play
Milestones at 4 years Gross motor: Hops Fine motor: Copies a cross (square at 4.5) Language: Knows colors and some numbers, intelligible speech Social/Cognitive: Cooperative play and plays board games
Milestones at 5 years Gross motor: Skips, walks backwards Fine motor: copies a triangles, ties shoelace, knows left and right, prints letters Language: complex/multiple sentences, knows opposite SocialCognitive: wants to please and be liked. understands rules, independence
Key distinguishing feature of constitutional growth delay Delayed bone age until 11 years in girls and 13 in boys
Moro reflex Startling causes extension and abduction of arms followed by flexion
Rooting reflex Stroking the cheeck causes head to turn toward ipsilateral side, nipple seeking
Sucking reflex Touching the roof of the mouth causes sucking
Galant reflex Stroking infant along one side of spine while prone causes flexion of lower body toward ispilateral side
Palmar grasp Stroking palm causes fingers to curl
Plantar reflex stroking sole of foot causes dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning out the other toes
Created by: Ulaisl
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