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RP 3 (Part 2- Space)
Terms, Definitions, and Images
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute Magnitude | The true brightness of a star as it would appear from a standard distance |
| Axis | An imaginary line through Earth's center around which Earth rotates |
| Elliptical Galaxy | A galaxy shaped like an ellipse or flattened sphere with little to no visible structure |
| Galaxy | A large system of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity |
| Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram | A graph that classifies stars based on their temperature and absolute magnitude |
| Irregular Galaxy | A galaxy with no distinct shape or structure |
| Neap Tide | A tide with the smallest difference between high and low water; occurs when the Sun and Moon are at right angles |
| Nebula | A cloud of gas and dust in space where stars form |
| Orbit | The curved path one object takes around another object in space |
| Protostar | A young star in its early stages of formation |
| Relative Magnitude | The apparent brightness of a star as observed from |
| Earth Revolution | The movement of Earth around the Sun; takes approximately 365 days |
| Rotation | The spinning of Earth on its axis; takes approximately 24 hours |
| Season | A period of the year characterized by specific weather patterns caused by Earth's tilted axis Sedimentary Rock |
| Spiral Galaxy | A disk-shaped galaxy with spiral arms extending from the center |
| Star | A massive ball of hot, glowing gas that produces light and heat through nuclear fusion |
| Stellar Evolution | The process of how stars change and develop throughout their lifespans |
| Tide | The rise and fall of ocean water caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun |
| White Dwarf | A small, dense remnant of a star that has exhausted its fuel |
| Main Sequence Star | A star in the stable middle stage of its life cycle where it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core; most stars, including our Sun, spend the majority of their lifespans in this stage |
| Blue Giant | A massive, hot star with a blue color that is larger and more luminous than our Sun; typically found in the upper left portion of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram |
| Neutron Star | An extremely dense remnant of a massive star left behind after a supernova explosion, composed almost entirely of neutrons |
| Supernova | A massive stellar explosion that occurs when a star reaches the end of its life cycle, briefly becoming extremely bright and outshining entire galaxies |
| Black Hole | A region in space where gravity is so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape once it crosses the event horizon; formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life cycle |
| Gravitational Force | The attractive force between objects that pulls them toward each other; the Sun's gravity keeps Earth in orbit, and the Moon's gravity affects Earth's tides |
| Spring Tide | A tide with the largest difference between high and low water that occurs when the Sun and Moon are aligned on the same side of Earth |
| Tilt | The angle at which Earth's axis leans (about 23.5 degrees), which causes different parts of Earth to receive different amounts of sunlight throughout the year |
| Life Cycle of a Star | The series of stages a star goes through from its formation to its death, including birth, main sequence, and final stages like red giant or white dwarf |
| Luminosity | The total amount of energy a star radiates, or how bright a star actually is |
| Milky Way Galaxy | The spiral galaxy that contains our Sun and solar system, made up of billions of stars arranged in a disk shape with spiral arms |
| Red Giant | A large, cool star in a later stage of its life cycle that has expanded after using up the hydrogen in its core |
| Solar System | The Sun and all the objects that orbit around it, including planets, moons, asteroids, and comets |
| Temperature (of a star) | In the context of stars, a measure of how hot a star's surface is, which affects its color and brightness |
| Universe | All of space, matter, and energy that exists, including all galaxies, stars, planets, and everything in between |
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