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P. Tax Terminology

Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
Order for numbering in descriptions sepals, petals, stamens, carpels
Pedicel stalk of an individual flower
Radial Symmetry Actinomorphic, many lines of symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry Zygomorphic (irregular), one or two lines of symmetry
Hypanthium cup-like structure where sepals, petals, stamens attach
Asteraceae flowers that look like petals, called ray flowers and disk flowers
Peduncle stalk of entire inflorescence
Catkin short spike of unisexual flowers with no petals (either male or female), only in woody plants
Drupe one seeded fleshy fruit
Pepo cursor, inferior ovary, often thick rind
Hesperidium Rutaceae, citric, thick rind, juice
Pome accessory fruit, fleshy part is from hypanthium, seeds in hard core (ovary)
Achene single seeded dry fruit, thin pericarp can be pealed off
Samara achene with wings
Grain cannot peal pericarp
Nut one large seed with hard outer shell
Dehiscent fruit open up and release seeds
Capsule open with more than one compartment
Silique Brassicaceae only, from 2 carpels, false septum
Follicles one simple ovary, open along one line
Aggregate fruits come from one flower but have more than one separate carpel
Multiple fruits come from many ovaries from many flowers and fuse together
Hips accessory, hypanthium surrounds achene, Rosaceae
Pistil visible form of carpels, can be multiple carpels fused together
Calyx all the sepals
Perianth sepals and petals
Androecium all stamens
Gynoecium all carpels
Staminate flowers male
Pistillate or Carpellate flowers female
Distinct flower parts separate
Connate flower parts like parts connected (petals and petals, but not petals and sepals)
Adnate flower parts unlike parts connected (petals and sepals)
Hypotheses of origin of flowering plants 1. first angiosperms were woody plants like Magnolialena and Anthophytes (fossil only) 2. Amborella (molecular only) 3. Herbaceous origin supported by fossils (Archaefructus and water lily DNA) and Paleoherbs (small unisexual flowers with few parts)
3 groups of flowering plants 1. Basal/Primitive angiosperms - paraphyletic group not easily defined 2. Monocots - monophyletic group: 1 cotyledon, parallel venation, flower parts in 3s 3. Eudicots - monophyletic group: 2 cotyledons, netted venation, flower parts in 4s or 5s
Created by: user-2034604
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