Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Biology Exam 2

Cellular functions, metabolism, photosynthesis and respiration

TermDefinition
What 4 components do all cells have? plasma membrane, genome (DNA), cytoplasm, ribosomes.
What is the fluid mosaic model? A flexible membrane made of diverse macromolecules
Passive vs active transport? Passive = no energy, high → low; Active = requires ATP
What is an antiporter? Moves two substances in opposite directions
What happens in a hypotonic solution? Water moves into the cell → swelling
What type of transport is osmosis? Passive
What solution causes no net water movement? Isotonic
What does rough ER transport? proteins
What does smooth ER transport? lipids
What organelle digests bacteria? lysosomes
Where does transcription occur? nucleus
What is metabolism? all chemical reactions in a cell
Anabolism vs catabolism? Anabolism = builds (uses energy); Catabolism = breaks down (releases energy)
Endergonic vs exergonic? Endergonic = energy in; Exergonic = energy out
What does OIL RIG mean? Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
What happens to NAD⁺ when it becomes NADH? It is reduced (gains electrons)
What happens to glucose during breakdown? oxidized
Why is ATP useful? Releases energy when phosphate bonds break
What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETS
Which stage of cellular respiration does NOT require oxygen? Glycolysis
Glycolysis net products? 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
TCA outputs per glucose? 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH₂, 6 CO₂
What goes into ETS? NADH and FADH₂
Final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? Oxygen
ATP yield from NADH? 3 ATP
ATP yield from FADH₂? 2 ATP
Total ATP (aerobic respiration)? ~38 ATP
What is anaerobic respiration missing? TCA cycle
ATP yield anaerobic respiration? ~8 ATP
Fermentation ATP yield? 2 ATP
What does fermentation produce? Lactic acid
What is the Overall purpose of photosynthesis? build glucose
photosynthesis Light reactions location? Thylakoid membrane
Calvin cycle location? Stroma
What is photolysis? splitting of water
Order of photosystems? PSII → ETC → PSI
Calvin cycle main steps? Fixation, reduction, carbohydrate synthesis, regeneration
Respiration vs photosynthesis? Respiration = catabolic; Photosynthesis = anabolic
Which is found in ALL cells? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondria C. Ribosomes D. Chloroplast c. Ribosomes
A hypotonic solution causes a cell to: A. Shrink B. Stay the same C. Swell D. Burst immediately c. swell (lyse)
Water moving into a cell is best described as: A. Active transport B. Passive transport C. Antiport D. Exocytosis b. passive transport
Which organelle digests bacteria? A. Golgi B. Lysosome C. Nucleus D. ER b. lysosomes
Smooth ER primarily transports: A. Proteins B. DNA C. Lipids D. ATP c. lipids
Metabolism is: A. Energy only B. All chemical reactions C. Only catabolism D. Only anabolism b. all chemical reactions
Anabolic reactions: A. Release energy B. Build molecules C. Break molecules D. Require oxygen b. build molecules
Exergonic reactions: A. Require energy B. Release energy C. Build ATP D. Use NADH b. release energy
Oxidation is: A. Gain of electrons B. Loss of electrons C. Gain of protons D. Gain of ATP b. loss of electrons
NAD⁺ becomes NADH by: A. Losing electrons B. Gaining electrons C. Losing ATP D. Gaining oxygen b. gaining electrons
Glycolysis produces: A. 4 ATP net B. 2 ATP net C. 8 ATP D. 0 ATP B. 2 ATP net
Which stage requires oxygen? A. Glycolysis B. TCA cycle C. Fermentation D. None B. TCA cycle
Final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration: A. CO₂ B. NADH C. Oxygen D. Glucose C. Oxygen
ATP from NADH: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 C. 3 ATP
ATP from FADH₂: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 B. 2 ATP
Total ATP aerobic respiration: A. 2 B. 8 C. 38 D. 100 C. 38 ATP
Anaerobic respiration produces: A. 2 ATP B. 8 ATP C. 38 ATP D. 0 ATP B. 8 ATP
Fermentation produces: A. CO₂ only B. Lactic acid C. Oxygen D. Glucose B. Lactic acid
Fermentation ATP yield: A. 2 B. 8 C. 34 D. 38 A. 2 ATP
Photosynthesis is: A. Catabolic B. Anabolic C. Exergonic only D. Passive B. Anabolic
Light reactions occur in: A. Stroma B. Cytoplasm C. Thylakoid D. Nucleus C. Thylakoid membranes (chloroplasts)
Calvin cycle occurs in: A. Thylakoid B. Stroma C. Membrane D. Cytoplasm B. Stroma
Photolysis is: A. ATP formation B. Water splitting C. Glucose breakdown D. CO₂ release B. Water splitting
Correct order: A. PSI → PSII B. PSII → PSI C. ETS → PSII D. PSI → glycolysis B. PSII → PSI
What does glycolysis NOT require? A. Glucose B. ATP C. Oxygen D. Enzymes C. Oxygen
List the 4 universal cell components. Plasma membrane, genome (DNA), cytoplasm, ribosomes
Define hypotonic solution. A solution with lower con. outside the cell, causing water to move into the cell
Difference between active and passive transport. Passive: no energy, high → low Active: requires energy (ATP), low → high
What does OIL RIG stand for? Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
What happens to glucose in respiration (oxidized or reduced)? Oxidized
What are the 3 stages of respiration? Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron Transport System (ETS)
What are the outputs of glycolysis? 2 ATP (net), 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
What is the role of NADH? Carries electrons to the ETS to help produce ATP
What is the proton motive force used for? To drive ATP production via ATP synthase
Why is oxygen important in ETS? It is the final electron acceptor (forms water)
Difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration. Fermentation: only glycolysis, 2 ATP Anaerobic respiration: glycolysis + ETS, ~8 ATP
Where do light reactions occur? Thylakoid membrane
What is produced in the Calvin cycle? Glucose
Define catabolism. Breakdown of molecules to release energy. Cat-respiration.
Define anabolism. Building molecules using energy
Created by: amy.still
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards