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Chapter 5

5.1-5.2 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
cell division the process in which one cell, called the parent cell, divides to form two new cells, referred to as daughter cells.
binary fission the process of prokaryotic cells dividing
DNA replication the cells DNA is copied right before it is divided
chromosome segregation the two chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends (known as poles) of the cell.
cytokinesis a new plasma membrane starts growing in the center of the cell, and the cytoplasm splits apart, forming two new daughter cells.
mitosis a multi-phase process in which the nucleus of the cell divides
interphase the cell grows, performs routine life processes, and prepares to divide.
cancer a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated
tumor a mass of abnormal cells
chromosomes the form of genetic material of a cell during cell division.
chromatin the material of which the chromosomes of of organisms other than bacteria are composed of.
chromatids two identical chromosome copies
genes the DNA of a chromosome is encoded with genetic instructions for making proteins.
homologous chromosomes 23 human chromosomes
prophase chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down.
metaphase spindel fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids.
anaphase sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide
telophase the chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin
Created by: grous3
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