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Science 7 Unit 8
Chromosomes and Inheritance
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| segments of code that appears on structures called chromosomes (made of DNA) | Genes |
| Contain DNA that is passed from one generation to the next Contain genetic information that is condensed and wrapped around special proteins which provide structure and support. | Chromosomes |
| How many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 Chromosomes |
| Which cells have half the number of chromosomes then body cells? | Sex cells, sperm or eggs cells |
| During fertilization how many chromosomes do you receive from your biological mother and father? | 23 from each. |
| Paris of chromosomes that contain the same genes (two alleles, one from each parent) | Homologous chromosomes |
| Homozgous for a trait? (purebred) Aa | NO |
| Homozgous for a trait? (purebred) bb | YES |
| Homozgous for a trait? (purebred) Cc | NO |
| Homozgous for a trait? (purebred) Dd | NO |
| Homozgous for a trait? (purebred) EE | YES |
| Homozgous for a trait? (purebred) FF | YES |
| Homozgous for a trait? (purebred) Gg | NO |
| A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family that have a specific trait. | Pedigree Chart |
| A person who has the allele for the trait, but doesn't show the trait (heterozygous) | Carrier |
| What are used to indicate regular males in a family pedigree chart? | Squares |
| What are used to indicate regular females in a family pedigree chart? | Circles |
| What do you do if the individual is "affected" by the trait (dominant or recessive)? | Darken the shape |
| What does it mean if you see the shape filled in only half way? | This notation indicates a hybrid (heterozgous) or carrier of the trait. |
| What connects the parent couple? | A horizontal line between the male and female. |
| What indicates the offsprings? | A line drawn down from the parent couple |
| What are used to label each generation? | Roman numerals. |
| If both parents show the trait of an extra finger, what will the 3 offsprings show? | an extra finger |
| DNA makes up... | Chromosomes |
| Chromosomes have... | genes |
| Gene code for... | proteins |
| Proteins give us... | our traits |
| Gene; DNA; Cell; Chromosome; Nucleus; Which one is the smallest? | Gene |
| Nucleus; Gene; DNA; Chromosome; Cell; Which one is the second smallest? | DNA |
| Gene; Nucleus; Cell; DNA; Chromosome; Which one is the third smallest? | Chromosome |
| Nucleus; Cell; DNA; Chromosome; Gene; Which one is the second biggest? | Nucleus |
| Gene; Nucleus; Chromosome; DNA; Gene; Which one is the biggest? | Cell |
| If a house cat has 38 body cells how many sex cells does it have? | 19 |
| If a mallard duck has 40 sex cells how many body cells does it have? | 80 |
| If corn has 20 body cells how many sex cells does it have? | 10 |
| If a peanut has 40 body cells how many sex cells does it have? | 20 |
| If a horse has 32 sex cells how many body cells does it have? | 64 |
| If an oak tree has 12 sex cells how many body cells does it have? | 24 |
| If a sweet potato has 90 body cells how many sex cells does it have? | 45 |
| If a camel has 35 sex cells how many body cells does it have? | 70 |
| If a chicken has 78 body cells how many sex cells does it have? | 39 |
| If an offspring shows the recessive trait, but the parents don't, is the mother or father a carrier for the trait? | They both must carry it for the offspring to inherit it. The offspring must get one allele for it from each parent that shows the extra finger. |
| for grow and repair of body cells | purpose of mitosis |
| How many daughter cells have formed after cell division in mitosis (The cell cycle)? | TWO |
| In Mitosis; Compared to the parent cell the daughter cells are... | genetically identical |
| Two pairs of chromosomes in a skin cell; Is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis? | A; Mitosis |
| Mitosis process; Skin cell; Chromosomes duplicate is what "step" of the process? | B |
| Chromosomes line up along the cell's equator is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis | C; Mitosis |
| Chromosomes separate is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis? | D; Mitosis |
| Mitosis process; Skin cell; Cells split to form two identical skin cells is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis? | E; Mitosis |
| Two pairs of chromosomes in an ovary cell is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis | A; Meiosis |
| Meiosis Process: Ovary Cell; Chromosomes duplicated is what "step" of the process? | B |
| Identical chromosomes line up along the cell's equator is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis? | C; Meiosis |
| Chromosomes separate: Cells split in two producing cells with different chromosomes: Chromosomes separate again is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis? | D; Meiosis |
| Cells split into two producing cells with different chromosomes: Chromosomes separate again; Four egg cells are formed, is what "step" of the process? Mitosis or Meiosis? | E; Meiosis |
| the formation of sex cells (sperm cells-male and egg cell-female) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by HALF. These new cells are NOT genetically identically to the original parent cells. | The purpose of meiosis |
| In humans sperm (23 chromosomes) + Egg cell (23 chromosomes) = | Zygote (offspring); 46 chromosomes |
| After cells division how many daughter cells are formed in meiosis? | Four |
| Compared to the parent cell the daughter cells have... | DIFFERENT genetic makeups with HALF of the number of chromosomes compared to the parent. |
| How is it through that parents pass their genes to their offspring is meiosis? | sex cells |
| The zygote gets two sets of chromosomes- one set from the (INSERT ANSWER HERE) and one set from the (INSERT ANSWER HERE) | 1. egg 2. sperm |
| When the sperm and egg fuse, they form a zygote, or ... | a single cell, marking the start of pregnancy. |
| any difference between individuals of the same species | Variation |
| Variations can be a) helpful b) harmful c) neither d) all of the above | d |
| Why does sexual reproduction lead to genetic variation? | Offspring inherit genes from each parent. When a gamete is formed the inherited alleles are chosen at random which causes a unique DNA combination to be passed on. |
| A change in DNA, gene or chromosome | mutation |
| Mutations can be a) helpful b) harmful c) neither d) all of the above | d |
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