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5PulmAnatomyreading
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reading | |
| The layers of the neck | endocrine; respiratory; alimentary |
| Respiratory Layer is comprised of what? | trachea and larynx |
| Fx of Respiratory layer | routing air and food into proper places; providing patent airway + sealing; voice production |
| What vertebral levels is the larynx aligned with? | C3-C6 |
| What does the larynx connect? | pharynx with trachea |
| Fx of larynx | guard airway passage: sphincter of lower respiratory tract: maintains airway during swallowing |
| Give the laryngeal cartilages (un/paired) | 9: Single-thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic; paired-arytenoid, cuniform, corniculates |
| Superior border of thyroid cartilage is at what cervical vertebrae level? | C4 |
| What forms the Adam’s Apple aka? | Laryngeal prominence; the inferior 2/3 of the thyroid laminas fuse anteriorly |
| What is the superior thyroid notch? | the v shaped notch just superior to the laryngeal prominence |
| What is the inferior thyroid notch? | Inferior part of thyroid cartilage |
| What are the posterior superior and inferior lamina projections known as? | superior and inferior cornu |
| What does the superior horn connect to? | Attaches to hyoid via thyrohyoid membrane |
| The thyrohyoid membrane has what ligaments? | mediallymedian thyrohyoid lig; laterallylat. Thyrohyoid lig. |
| What does the inferior horn articulate to? | lateral surface of cricoids cartilage at cricothyroid jts |
| What is the significance to the cricothyroid joint? | rotation and gliding of thyroid changes in vocal cord length |
| Which cartilage makes a complete ring around the airway? | cricothyroid |
| Anterior band of cricoids is called what? | arch |
| What does the median cricothyroid ligament do? | attaches cricoids to inferior margin of thyroid |
| What does the cricotracheal ligament do? | attaches cricoid to first tracheal ring |
| Arytenoid cartilage | 3 sided pyramidal shaped; attaches to superior lateral cricoids; has vocal process, has mm process |
| Arytenoid mm | cricoid arytenoids that attach at muscular process |
| Cricoid-Arytenoid joint | allows arytenoids to move toward and away from each other, rotate, and move ant/post |
| Cricoid-Arytenoid jts affect what? | vocal fold movement |
| What do the vocal ligaments comprise? | vocal folds (submucosal); free border of consus elasticus and cricovocal memb. |
| Vocal ligaments go from what to what | thyroid cartilage’s lamina-arytenoid cartilage (vocal process) |
| Conus elasticus | Blends anteriorly with thyrocricoid ligament (medial); closes tracheal inlet (except at vocal folds) |
| Lateral cricothyroid ligaments go from where to where? | vocal folds and cricoid |
| What is the rima glottidis? | opening btw vocal folds |
| What attachments does the epiglottis have and how? | to thyroid laminae thyro-epiglottic lig; ant hyoid hyo-epi. Lig |
| The quadrangular membrane extends btw what? | goes btw lat. Arytenoids and epiglottic cartilages |
| What are the quadrangular mem. parts? | Vestibule &vestibular folds; aryepiglottic lig/which form fold.@ free sup. End |
| What are the nodule like structures in ary-epiglottic fold? | corniculate and cuneiform cartilages |
| What do corniculate cartilages attach to? | arytenoids |
| What do cuneiform cartilages attach to? | they don’t directly attach to other cartilages |
| What structures comprise the submucosal, fibro-elastic membrane of larynx? | quadrangular mem. and conus elasticus |
| Laryngeal inlet is between what? | pharynx and larynx |
| What is the laryngeal cavity? | laryngeal inlet to inf. Border of cricoid cartilage |
| Laryngeal vestibule is btw what? | vestibular folds and laryngeal inlet |
| Laryngeal ventricle | medial to lateral recess btw. Vestibular and vocal fold (vertical orientation)) |
| What are laryngeal saccules? | blind pockets into each ventricle; lined with mucosal glands |
| Infraglottic cavity | btw vocal folds and inf. Part of cricoid cartilage-continuous with trachea |
| What are vocal folds comprised of? | vocal ligament (med. Free edge of conus elasticus); vocalis muscle; |
| Vocal fold fx | control sound production; main inspiratory sphincter when tightly closed |
| Glottis is made up of what? | rima glottis and vocal folds and processes-glottis is the vocal apparatus |
| Shape of glottis during a)normal breathing b)forced respiration & c) phonation | a)narrow (wedge) b)wide (trap.)c)slit |
| What makes male voice low? | long vocal cords |
| Fx of vestibular folds | protective |
| Extrinsic laryngeal mm-name and fx | Infrahyoid-depress hyoid; suprahyoid-elevate hyoid; stylopharyngeous-elevates hy. |
| Intrinsic laryngeal mm adductors | lateral crico-arytenoid mm; transverse and oblique arytenoid mm; |
| Intrinsic laryngeal mm nervous supply (except for which mm?) | recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus (not cricothyroid mm) |
| Which nerve supplies cricothyroid mm? | External laryngeal mm which is a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve |
| Lateral crico-arytenoid mm fx? | pulls vocal cords anteriorly and arytenoid cartilage rotates, swings vocal processes med. |
| Transverse and oblique arytenoids fx | adduct the arytenoids toward one another. |
| How does whispering work? | Transverse arytenoids mm not AD, but vocal lig are adducted |
| What does the post. crico-arytenoid mm do? | Abductor, rotates vocal processes laterally; widens rima glottidis |
| How does the sphincter function? | closes off airway in strong reflex via the ary-epliglottic mm pulling on the AD mm |
| What is the tensor mm and how does it work | cricothyroid mm pulls thyroid prominence ant. & inf. to arch of cricoid What is the outcome of the tensor mm action? |
| What are relaxer mm? | Thyroarytenoid mm; pulls arytenoids toward thyroid prominence; lowers pitch |
| What are vocalis mm fx? | medial thyroarytenoid mm and lateral to vocal cords; produce minute adjustments to voice |
| Describe sup and inf laryngeal arteries | branches of sup and inf thyroid a. which are branches of ext and com. carotid a. |
| What does sup. larynx. a supply? | internal surface of larynx |
| What does inferior laryngeal a supply? | inf. part of larynx |
| Cricothyroid artery does what? | supplies cricothyroid mm; small branch of sup. thyroid a. |
| Veins follow accompanying arteries! | |
| Sup. Laryngeal vein drains into? | superior thyroid veininternal jugular vein |
| Inf. laryngeal vein drains into | inf. thyroid veinL brachiocephalic vein |
| Describe lymph node drainage | inf to vocal foldsinf. deep cervical lymph nodes; sup to vocal foldssup. deep cervical |
| Describe origin of superior laryngeal nerve | from vagus; |
| Describe internal branch sup. lary. N | sensory for laryngeal cavity, membrane of vestibule, & vocal folds |
| Describe external branch sup. lary. n | motor for cricothyroid mm |
| Inferior laryngeal nerve | branch of recurrent laryngeal n and motor supply for all laryngeal mm except cricothyroid mm |
| Recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of ? | vagus n |
| Trachea spans what vertebral levels? | C6-btw T4 and T5 |
Created by:
VCOM2013
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