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Insulin & Medication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rapid-Acting Insulin: Agent | Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog) |
| Rapid-Acting Insulin: Onset | 15 minutes |
| Rapid-Acting Insulin: Peak | 1 hour, 40-50 minutes |
| Rapid-Acting Insulin: Duration | 3-5 hours |
| Rapid-Acting Insulin: Indications | Used for rapid reduction of glucose level, to treat postprandial hyperglycemia, and/or to prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia |
| Short-Acting Insulin: Onset | 30-60 minutes |
| Short-Acting: Insulin: Peak | 2-3 hours |
| Short-Acting Insulin: Duration | 4-6 hours |
| Short-Acting Insulin: Indications | Usually administered 20-30 min before a meal; may be taken alone or in combination with longer acting insulins |
| Short-Acting Insulin: Agent | Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) |
| Intermediate-Acting Insulin: Onset | 2-4 hours |
| Intermediate-Acting Insulin: Agent | NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) |
| intermediate-Acting Insulin: Peak | 6-8 hours |
| Intermediate-Acting Insulin: Duration | 12-16 hours |
| Intermediate-Acting Insulin: Indications | Food should be taken around the time of onset and peak |
| Long Acting Insulin: Onset | 2 hours |
| Long Acting Insulin: Peak | continuous (no peak) |
| Long Acting Insulin: Duration | 24 hours |
| Long Acting Insulin: Indications | used for basal dose of insulin |
| Long Acting Insulin: Agent | glargine (lantus), detemir (levemir) |
| Biguanides: Agent | Metformin, Glucophage XL |
| Biguanides: Nursing Interventions | Assess kidney and liver function, do not administer for 2 days before and after any iodine-based contrast dye tesing |
| Biguanides: Side effects | GI upset, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis |
| Sulfonylureas: Agents | Glipizide, Glyburide |
| Sulfonylureas: Action | stimulate beta cells to release insulin |
| Sulfonylureas: Side effects | hypoglycemia, weight gain, mild GI symptoms |
| Sulfonylureas: Nursing Interventions | Assess patients for a sulfa allergy teach patient to avoid alcohol monitor for hypoglycemia MUST be taken with meals |
| Nonsulfonylureas: Action | Used in Type 2 DM to stimulate rapid and short insulin secretion |
| Nonsulfonylureas: Side effects | hypoglycemia, weight gain |