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Immunology

Healthcare grade 12

TermDefinition
Immune System Protects against bacteria, viruses, cancer and toxins. Clears the body of disease-causing agents.
Lymphatic System Large network of vessels, capillaries, nodes and organs that cleans lymph of debris, abnormal cells and pathogens.
Tonsils Trap and kill germs/bacteria that you breathe in to prevent throat and lung infections.
Lymph Node Stores special cells that trap cancer cells or bacteria traveling through the lymph.
Lymphatic Vessel Carries lymph throughout the body.
Lymph Colourless fluid containing white blood cells that drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
Thymus Produces lymphocytes and the hormone thymosin; vital for developing T-cells, especially in newborns.
Spleen Largest lymphatic organ; filters blood, removes worn-out red blood cells, fights infection, and creates antibodies.
Bone Marrow Produces all blood cells, especially white blood cells that fight infection and respond to allergens.
Infection Presence of a pathogen in or on the body.
Pathogen Disease-causing agent such as bacteria, virus, toxin, or fungus.
Non-Specific Defences General mechanisms that protect the body against pathogens.
Specific Defences Immunities that protect the body against specific pathogens.
Species Resistance When a species is resistant to diseases unique to other species.
Mechanical Barriers Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes that block pathogens.
Chemical Barriers Substances like fatty acids, proteins, and secretions that defend against disease.
Phagocytosis Process of engulfing and digesting bacteria or particles; means “to devour.”
Fever Causes liver and spleen to remove iron from blood and activates phagocytic cells to fight pathogens.
T-Cells Recognize invaders, send signals, and kill virus-infected cells directly.
B-Cells Produce antibodies; memory B cells create stronger responses upon re-exposure.
Natural Killer Cells Destroy infected or abnormal cells without prior exposure by releasing chemicals that break them apart.
Created by: sh_bookworm
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