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Microbiology

Microbiology Final

QuestionAnswer
The human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis lives in the __________ of humans. rectum
Which of the following organisms produces aflatoxin, a carcinogenic substance? Aspergillus flavus
“Thrush” is caused by the organism __. Candida albicans
A periodontal disease that is restricted to the gums is an inflammation called __. Gingivitis
__ is the largest protozoan parasite of humans. Balantidium coli
Botulism is a disease caused by the production of a potent neurotoxin by bacteria of the genus Clostridium.
Trichuriasis is an intestinal infection caused by the roundworm __. Trichuris trichiura
There are __________ known forms of gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli. five
Bacillary dysentery is also called shigellosis.
Taeniasis is an infection caused by organisms known as tapeworms.
Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora? Blood
The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the phase-contrast microscope.
What type of microscopes are used to examine structures down to the atomic level? Scanning probe microscopes
Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese? Propionibacterium shermanii
The binominal system of nomenclature was originally developed by Linnaeus.
Lactose is composed of glucose and __. galactose
The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates are monosaccharides.
The bond of oxygen and hydrogen between water molecules is a(n) hydrogen bond.
Protons are part of the atomic nucleus.
Two glucose molecules form maltose.
The net gain of ATP molecules after the breakdown of one glucose molecule in glycolysis is 2
The pathways that produce larger molecules from smaller ones are part of __. anabolism
The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of potassium.
Absorption is the function of which surface appendage? microvilli
Matrix formed outside the plasma membrane is referred to as glycocalyx.
Chitin is a component of the cell wall of fungi.
Which of the following is an active transport mechanism? Pinocytosis
Which of the following organisms produces toxins that target cholesterol? Streptococcus pyogenes
Enzymatic reactions can be expressed in which of the following chemical notations? E + S = P
Bacteria that have a single polar flagellum at one end are referred to as monotrichous.
Staphylococci are __ facultative anaerobes. Gram-positive
Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 25° C and 40° C) are called mesophiles.
Psychrophiles are also referred to as cryophiles.
Methanogens are __ that grow in anaerobic environments such as swamps. archaea
Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by binary fission.
Which of the following is a host-dependent bacterium? Rickettsia
Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called __. obligate aerobes
Viral capsomeres are composed of subunits called protomeres.
The suffix -virales is given to the following terms within the taxon order
The correct hierarchical order for virus classification is order, family, subfamily, genus, species.
Picornaviridae are __ viruses. RNA
The most common viruses causing respiratory illness belong to Adenoviridae.
A fully assembled virus is called a __. virion
RNA viruses belong to which of the following types according to the Baltimore classification system? III, IV, V
Viruses can infect all organisms.
Which part(s) of a virus aid in the attachment to the host cell membrane receptors? spikes
The study of fungi is called __. mycology
Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? Enterobius vermicularis
The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a(n) __. mitosome
Which of the following are technically not microorganisms? Helminths
The food preparation process in which not all microorganisms are killed, but the number of microbes capable of spoiling the food or causing disease is reduced, is called pasteurization.
Autoclaving will usually destroy/inactivate all fungi, bacteria, viruses, and most bacterial spores but will not necessarily eliminate prions.
Ionizing radiation involves all of the following except UV light
Chlorine belongs to which of the following chemical groups? Halogens
High salt or sugar content/concentrations make use of __ to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. osmotic pressure
The process by which the numbers of microbes on the human skin are reduced by scrubbing is called degermination
The stain used to identify bacteria with a large amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls is the Gram stain.
Which of the following media is used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae? Thayer-Martin agar
A saucer-shaped liquefaction in a gelatin stab is referred to as crateriform.
Which of the following microorganisms can be cultured only in the footpads of mice or a species of armadillo? Mycobacterium leprae
All of the following are ways the kidney are used for urine formation and drug clearance except Tubular filtration
The generic name for Advil and Motrin is: ibuprofen
A mercury-containing compound used as a preservative in vaccines is thimerosal.
Drugs needed for diseases with fewer than 200,000 patients, and that fail to receive attention for development because of cost and need, are called orphan drugs.
Digitalis is a drug used in the treatment of congestive heart failure
Which of the following drugs is effective against Candida albicans? Amphotericin B
Cephalosporins have __________ generations of developed agents. five
When two antibiotics are given together to increase the therapeutic effect, the phenomenon is referred to as synergism.
Which of the following is a synthetic antimicrobial drug? Quinolone
The antibiotic that is contraindicated in children from birth to 8 years of age due to the discoloration of tooth enamel in this age-group is tetracycline
A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called parasitism.
The mold that produces penicillin is an example of amensalism
The virulence factors of bacteria include colonization, invasion, toxins, and adhesion.
The type of infection in which several infectious agents establish themselves at the same site is referred to as a mixed infection.
Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission? Insect
Which of the following is not part of the second line of defense? pH of the skin
Which of the following provide defense against viral infections? Interferons
Which of the following cell types secretes antibodies? Plasma cells
When an organ or tissue is transplanted between genetically different individuals it is called a(n) allograft.
Which of the following is a systemic autoimmune disease? Rheumatoid arthritis
A tinea infection in the groin area is commonly called “__.” Jock itch
Infections that result in the death of infected tissue are called __ infections. Necrotizing
Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of skin infections and toxic shock syndrome? Staphylococcus aureus
Subcutaneous mycoses occur predominantly in the tropics.
Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the __ virus. Varicella-Zoster
Langerhans cells, which play a role in defense against microbes, are located in the epidermis.
It is often difficult for antibiotics to effectively reach the infection site of osteomyelitis primarily because of It is often difficult for antibiotics to effectively reach the infection site of osteomyelitis primarily because of
Leprosy is also known as __. Hansen's Disease
“Athlete’s foot” is referred to as tinea pedis.
Which of the following is a type of acute infection generally caused by group A Streptococcus? Erysipelas
Which of the following cannot be and should not be treated with antibiotics? Common cold common cold
Which of the following organisms is commonly found in the normal flora of the upper respiratory system? Staphylococcus aureus
All of the following are structures of the lower respiratory system except Pharynx
Scarlet fever is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
COVID-19 is caused by the __ virus. SARS CoV-2
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-__ bacterium. Positive
Whooping cough is caused by the organism Bordetella pertussis.
The most virulent pathogen of the human flu virus is type  A
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, encapsulated bacillus.
The TB skin test is also known as the __ test. Tuberculin PPD
The human pinworm Enterobius vermicularis lives in the __________ of humans. rectum
Which of the following organisms produces aflatoxin, a carcinogenic substance? Aspergillus flavus
“Thrush” is caused by the organism __. Candida albicans
A periodontal disease that is restricted to the gums is an inflammation called __. Gingivitis
__ is the largest protozoan parasite of humans. Balantidium coli
Botulism is a disease caused by the production of a potent neurotoxin by bacteria of the genus Clostridium.
Trichuriasis is an intestinal infection caused by the roundworm __. Trichuris trichiura
There are __________ known forms of gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli. five
Bacillary dysentery is also called shigellosis.
Taeniasis is an infection caused by organisms known as tapeworms.
The arbovirus that causes West Nile encephalitis is transmitted by mosquitoes.
The first oral polio vaccine was introduced by Albert Sabin in 1961
Which of the following is the causative agent for fungal meningitis, mostly in immunocompromised patients? Cryptococcus neoformans
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
The toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum is classified as a __. neurotoxin
The toxic condition caused by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood is referred to as septicemia.
Which of the following is a disease caused by a protozoan? Toxoplasmosis
The bacterium most frequently found to be involved in gas gangrene is __ __. Clostridium perfringens
Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of the __. female sandfly
“Rabbit fever,” a zoonotic disease, is caused by Francisella tularensis.
Ureteric stenosis in kidney transplant patients has been associated with polyomaviruses.
The reverse flow of urine from the bladder up the ureters and back into the kidneys is called __. vesicoureteral reflux
In the urinary system, cytomegalovirus infections are typically associated with kidney transplant failure.
The group most susceptible to recurring UTIs is women.
The following are typical symptoms of a UTI Painful urination, cloudy urine
Vaginal infections that are resulting from an overgrowth of normal flora are called endogenous infections.
Bacterial infections of the female reproductive system include vaginitis, toxic shock syndrome, endometritis, and salpingitis.
The most common bacterial nonsexually transmitted infection of the male reproductive system is prostatitis.
Symptoms of prostatitis include painful urination, fever and chills, and weak urine flow.
The organism that is responsible for the vast majority of cases of fungal vaginitis is Candida albicans.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is most common in infants.
The virus most commonly transmitted during pregnancy is cytomegalovirus.
Which of the following antibodies is synthesized by the infant soon after birth? IgM
A fetus infected with rubella virus produces which of the following antibodies that can then be detected in the umbilical cord? IgM
Infectious mononucleosis most often occurs in young adults
The process by which nitrate is reduced to nitrogen is called denitrification.
Which of the following processes is most commonly used in wastewater treatment? Anammox
Which of the following is the sixth most abundant element in the universe? Carbon
Which of the following diseases was declared by the WHO in 1980 to be eradicated? Smallpox
All of the following are free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria except Rhizobium.
Created by: IGEMINI81
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