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Sci 7 Ms. Wurm
Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Evolution? | the process by which species change over time |
| Evidence that supports evolution: | fossils, homologous structures, embryology, DNA similarities |
| Natural Selection is: | the process where organisms with helpful traits (or adaptations) are more likely to survive and reproduce |
| Natural selection happens because: | 1. organisms produce more offspring than can survive 2. individuals have variation (differences) 3. some variations help organisms survive better in their environment |
| Helpful traits are more likely to be: | passed on to their offspring |
| An adaptation is: | a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Types of adaptations: | structural, behavior, physiological |
| Structural adaptation: | a physical feature (thick fur, long neck, sharp claws, etc) |
| Behavioral adaptation: | how an organism acts (migration, nocturnal, building shelters, hunting in packs) |
| Physiological adaptation: | how the body functions, internally (keeping internal temperature, snake producing venom, conserving water) |
| Camouflage: | helps an organism blend into its surroundings to avoid predators (leaf insect, arctic rabbit turning white in the winter, stick bug) |
| Mimicry: | when one organism resembles or imitates another organism to gain protection |
| Examples of mimicry: | Viceroy butterfly mimicking the monarch butterfly; scarlet king snake mimicking a coral snake |
| Homologous structure: | similar structure, different function, evidence of common ancestry. Examples -human arm, bat wing, whale flipper |
| Analogous structure: | same function, different structure. Examples -bird wings vs. insect wings |
| Convergent evolution: | occurs when different species evolve similar traits because they live in similar environments. Examples: sharks and dolphins; bird and bat wings |
| Divergent evolution: | occurs when one species splits into multiple/different species with different traits. Examples: Darwin's finches, common ancestor of mammals evolving into different species |
| Fossils are: | preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived long ago |
| What fossils show: | how organisms changed/evolved over time; what organisms lived in the past |
| Vestigial structure: | a body part that had a function in the past but has little or no function today. Examples: human appendix, whale pelvis bones, snake leg bones |
| Natural selection leads to: | evolution over many generations |
| A trait that helps an organism survive is called: | an adaptation |
Created by:
maplelakesped
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