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Diseases & Disorders
D & D Test 2: Chapters 9-11, 31-32 & 45
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does blood consists of? | Blood cells and Plasma |
| What does blood cells consist of? | White blood cells (leukocytes), Platelets (thrombocytes), and Red blood cells (erythrocytes) |
| Platelets | Small, irregularly-shaped anuclear cells that are essential for blood clotting |
| Plasma | Colorless watery fluid of the blood, but in which the blood cells are suspended |
| What makes our blood red? | Hemoglobin, which iron, is found in RBCs and is the ingredient that gives blood its color |
| Where is blood made? | Bone Marrow |
| What does the bone marrow consist of? | Hematopoietic or blood-forming cells and stromal tissue that provides support for the cells |
| What does the lymphoid tissues represents? | The structure where lymphocytes proliferate, mature and interact with antigens |
| 3 Types of Leukocytes | Granulocytes (Neutro, Eosino, Basophils), Lymphocytes (B,T,NK cells) and Monocytes |
| Neutrophils | Primarily responsible for maintaining normal host defenses against pathogen; 55-65% of WBC |
| Eosinophils | Release enzymes or chemical mediator that detoxify agents associated with allergic reactions |
| Basophils | Play an important role in allergy reactions |
| Lymphocytes | Defend against foreign microbes in the immune response; 20-30% of WBC |
| B cells | Antibody-producing plasma cells involved in humoral-mediated immunity |
| T cells | Responsible for orchestrating the immune response and effecting cell-mediated immunity |
| Natural Killer Cells | Major function is in innate immunity |
| Monocytes | Play a role in chronic inflammation and activate lymphocytes by presenting antigen to T cells |
| Neoplastic | Abnormal mass of tissue that serves no purpose |
| Leukopenia | An absolute decrease in WBC numbers |
| Neutropenia | A decrease in neutrophils, circulating count of less than 1500 cells/uL |
| Cause of Neutropenia | Accelerated removal (inflammation/ infection), Drug-induced, Periodic/Cyclic Neutropenia, Idiopathic neutropenia, Felty syndrome |
| Agranulocytosis | Severe neutropenia, circulation count less than 200/uL |
| Clinical Course of Neutropenia | Depends on the severity of and cause of the disorder. Necrotizing lesions of the mouth are common |
| Infectious Mononucleosis | A self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder cause by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), affect any age |
| Lymphoproliferative | Referring to the proliferation of the bone marrow cells that give rise to lymphoid cells |
| Pathogensis of Infectious Mononucleosis | Transmitted through oral contact with EBV-contaminated saliva,Penetrates the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and salivary epithelial cells, spreads to underlying oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue and to B lymphocytes |
| Prodromal Period of Infectious Mono | Characterized by malaise, anorexia, and chills, preceded onset of fever, pharygnitis and lymphadenopathy |
| Lymphadenopathy | Lymph nodes are enlarged throughout the entire body |
| Diagnosis of Infectious Mono | Consist of blood test indicating a elevated WBC 12-18,000 with 60% being lymphocytes |
| What does the malignant lymphomas represents? | Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, solid tumors derived from neoplastic lymphoid tissue cells |
| Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) | Presence of a Reed-Sternberg cell, begins in a single node and then spreads to contiguous lymph nodes |
| Cause of HL | Unknown, but exposure to carcinogens, viruses, genetic and immune mechanism can be probable |
Created by:
Futuredoctor09
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