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BIOL 121P

Topic 8 - Energy

QuestionAnswer
Potential Energy energy of position (stored in chemical bonds)
Kinetic Energy energy in motion (breaking/building molecules in cells)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) energy for cells, fuels cell activity (consists of triphosphate group, ribose sugar, nitrogenous base [adenine])
Hydrolysis a reaction where water is used to break a chemical bond, splitting a large molecule into smaller molecules
Spontaneous Reaction (Exergonic) break macromolecules down into monomers
Non-Spontaneous Reaction (Endergonic) building of macromolecules/requires energy input to occur
Free Energy G
Negative Δ G is spontaneous
Positive Δ G is nonspontaneous
Activation Energy energy needed to result in a reaction
Catalysts (Enzymes/Proteins) substance that increases the rate of a reaction (Three steps: initiation, transition stage, termination)
Enyzmes a biological catalyst (protein based)
Regulatory Molecules controls when and where an enzyme function
Competitive Inhibition a molecule competes with the substrate for the active site
Metabolic Pathways series of chemical reactions in a cell where molecules are transformed into builidng or break down substances
Feedback Inhibition a process where the end product of a metabolic pathway stops or slows an earlier enzyme in the pathway (prevent the cell from making more of the product than it needs)
Allosteric Inhibition a type of enzyme regulation where a molecule binds to a site other than the active site, causing the enzyme to change shape and DECREASE its activity
Allosteric Regulation control of an enzyme's activity by molecules binding to an allosteric site, which changes the enzymes shape and can either increase or decrease its activity
Allosteric Activation a type of allosteric regulation where a molecule binds to an allosteric site and INCREASES the enzymes activity by stabilizing its active form
Created by: user-1992551
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