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LegalC1 Definitions
LegalStudies Cambridge Prelim Textbook Chapter 1 BasicLegalConcepts Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Law | A set of rules imposed on all members of a community that are officially recognised, binding and enforceable by persons or organisations such as the police and/or courts |
| Values | Principles, standards or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable within a society |
| Customs | Collective habits or traditions that have developed in a society over a long period of time |
| Customary Law | Principles and procedures that have developed through general usage according to the customs of a people or nation, or groups of nations, and are treated as obligatory |
| Rules | Prescribed directions for conduct in certain situations, generally made by groups and only affect people within those groups. |
| Ethics | Rules or standards directing the behaviour of a person or the members of a profession, values and of right and wrong conduct |
| Justice | The legal principle of upholding generally accepted rights and enforcing responsibilities, ensuring that equal outcomes are achieved for those involved |
| doli incapax | ‘Incapable of wrong’; the presumption that a child under 10 years of age cannot be held legally responsible for his or her actions and cannot be guilty of a criminal or civil offence |
| Equality | The state or quality of being equal; that is, of having the same rights or status |
| Fairness | Freedom from bias, dishonesty or injustice; a concept commonly related to everyday activities |
| Procedural fairness/Natural justice | Principles used to ensure the fairness and justice of the decision-making procedures of courts, right to know the case against you + to present your case, right to freedom from bias by decision-makers + the right to a decision based on relevant evidence |
| Rule of Law | Principle that nobody is above the law; e.g. requirement that governmental authority must be used in line with written, publicly disclosed laws, for which established procedural steps (due process) have been taken in the adoption and enforcement |
| Sanction | A penalty imposed on those who break the law, usually in the form of a fine or punishment |
| Anarchy | The absence of laws and government |
| Tyranny | Rule by a single leader holding absolute power in a state |
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