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Tsunami Slides
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What creates wind-caused waves? | Friction from wind applying pressure to the surface of the water. |
| How deep are wind-caused waves relative to their wavelength? | The depth of waves is about ½ of the wavelength. |
| What four factors determine the height of wind-caused waves? | wind speed, duration of wind, length of water surface, consistency of wind direction. |
| When does a wave break? | When the amplitude becomes greater than 7× the wavelength, causing the top to move faster than the bottom and topple forward. |
| What does the word tsunami mean? | A Japanese term meaning “harbor wave.” |
| What are common causes of tsunamis? | Fault movements, volcanic eruptions, caldera collapses, underwater landslide, meteorite impacts |
| Which cause produces the most powerful tsunamis? | Fault movements with vertical displacement during earthquakes. |
| How do wind-blown waves behave at the beach? | They rise and break on the beach and are limited by the shoreline. |
| How do tsunamis behave when they reach land? | They arrive as a large moving mass of water that floods over the beach and inland areas. |
| How fast do wind-caused waves travel? | Around 35mph |
| How fast can tsunamis travel in deep ocean water? | Around 480mph |
| What happens to a tsunami when it reaches the coast? | It slows down, but the water behind it piles up, causing the wave to grow taller. |
| What might a tsunami look like at the shore? | A rapidly rising tide, A continuous whitewater wave, A strong surge of seawater |
| What happens if the trough of a tsunami reaches shore first? | Ocean water suddenly retreats away from the shoreline. |
| Why can tsunamis reach extreme heights in narrow basins or lakes? | The walls constrain and concentrate the water, forcing it higher. |
| What extreme tsunami height occurred in Alaska in 1958? | A landslide created a tsunami that reached 525 m (1,720 ft) up the walls of a bay. |
| What should you do if you feel an earthquake while on the coast? | Consider the possibility of a tsunami and move to higher ground immediately. |
| What are warning signs of a tsunami? | Sudden ocean retreat or rise, Changes in ocean sound or behavior, Feeling a coastal earthquake |
| If you can see the tsunami wave approaching, what does that mean? | It is already too late to escape safely. |
| How are tsunamis detected and warnings issued? | Using seismic signals and ocean pressure sensors, followed by rapid analysis. |
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