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gene expression

topic 20 bio

QuestionAnswer
What are proto-oncogenes? stimulate cell division in regular cell cycle
What are oncogenes? mutation of proto-oncogenes which become permanently switched on
What is a totipotent stem cell? where can they be found? can differentiate into any type of cell, including a new organism. found in zygotes and meristem
What is a multipotent stem cell? where can they be found? can divide to form a limited number of different cell types. found in bone marrow
What is a unipotent stem cell? where can they be found? can divide to form a single type of of cell
What is a pluripotent stem cell? where can they be found? can differentiate into almost any type of specialised body cell
What type of stem cell is used to treat disorders? pluripotent cells
What is the role of a tumour suppressor gene? to slow down/stop cell division - initiates apoptosis
What can occur if a tumour suppressor gene becomes mutated? uncontrollable cell division
What is methylation? the introduction or removal of methyl groups to DNA which causes a change in the condensation of DNA-histone complexes and impacts the gene loci which are accessible for transcription
What is acetylation? the introduction or removal of acetyl groups to DNA which causes a change in the condensation of DNA-histone complexes and impacts the gene loci which are accessible for transcription
Outline hypermethylation and demethylation hypermethylation - increase the number of methyl groups which causes condensation of the DNA-histone complex so less transcription occurs due to transcriptional actors having less places to bind to Demethylation - the opposite occurs
Outline hyperacetylation and deacetylation hyperacetylation - increase number of acetyl groups which causes less condensation of DNA-histone complex so more transcription occurs due to more gene loci available for transcriptional factors to bind to deacetylation - opposite occurs
Created by: Ziggyisweird
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