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Population Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Population genetics | the study of how populations change genetically over time |
| Population | group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed |
| gene pool | Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population |
| phenotypic frequency | proportion of individuals in a population that express a particular phenotype |
| recessive frequency | # recessive alleles/total alleles |
| dominant frequency | # dominant alleles/total alleles |
| allele frequency | Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the total number of alleles in that pool for the same gene |
| p allele | dominant |
| q allele | recessive |
| p frequency | p/p+q |
| q frequency | q/p+q |
| microevolution | Change in allele frequencies in a population from one generation to the next |
| Macroevolution | large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time |
| Hardy-Weinberg Principle | principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant (at equilibrium) unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change |
| Hardy-Weinberg equation | p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 |
| P^2 genotype | homozygous dominant |
| 2pq genotype | heterozygous |
| q^2 genotype | homozygous recessive |
| forces which up-set genetic equilibrium (cause evolution) | mutations, gene flow, small population, nonrandom mating, natural selection |
| gene flow | movement of alleles from one population to another d/t migration or interbreeding |
| geographic proximity | movement of alleles from one population to another d/t migration or interbreeding |
| assortative mating | nonrandom mating where mates are chosen because they live nearby; can lead to inbreeding |
| sexual selection | the type of mating that occurs when an organism selects a mating partner that resembles itself |
| sexual dimorphism | nonrandom mating where mates are chosen based on desirable inherited traits |
| Forces which up-set genetic equilibrium | no mutations, no gene flow, large population, random mating, no natural selection |
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