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Science Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About how much of the water on Earth is actually freshwater? | Only about 3%. (Note: Most of Earth's water, roughly 97%, is salt water found in oceans). |
| Is all of Earth's freshwater available for humans to use? | No. Only a very small amount is available because most freshwater is frozen in glaciers or tucked away in deep underground aquifers. |
| How does population size affect water availability? | The more people living in an area, the more freshwater will be used up, which can lead to water shortages. |
| What is the primary job of an engineer? | An engineer uses scientific knowledge to design something in order to solve a problem. |
| What does a hydrologist study? | A hydrologist researches the distribution and movement of water across the Earth's systems. |
| What is "Groundwater"? | It is the water found between the rocks and soil particles underground. It is not necessarily a "lake," but rather water soaking into the earth like a sponge. |
| What is the Biosphere? | The system that includes all living things on Earth, including plants, animals, and humans. |
| What is the Geosphere? | The solid part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the layers of the interior. |
| What is Condensation? | The process where water vapor cools down and turns back into liquid water droplets (this is how clouds form). |
| What is Evaporation? | The process where liquid water is heated (usually by the sun) and turns into an invisible gas called water vapor. |
| What is Precipitation? | Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
| At which location on a mountain would the temperature most likely be the coldest? | The highest point (the peak). As altitude increases in the troposphere, the temperature generally drops. In the test diagram, this is usually labeled at the very top of the mountain. |
| What is a "Rain Shadow," and what causes it? | A rain shadow is a dry area on one side of a mountain. It is caused when moist air rises up one side of a mountain, cools, and drops its rain (precipitation) before it can reach the other side. |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of surface freshwater: Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, or Streams? | Oceans. While oceans are on the surface, they contain salt water, not freshwater. |
| What are the three main reasons for freshwater shortages? | 1. Pollution: Water becoming too dirty to drink. 2. Overuse: People using more water than the cycle can replace. 3. Drought: Long periods of time with little to no precipitation. |
| What is the difference between an Observation and an Inference? | Observation: Something you notice using your five senses (e.g., "The ground is wet"). Inference: conclusion or guess you make based on your observations (e.g., "It must have rained recently"). |
| If a town builds a dam to create a reservoir for drinking water, which spheres are interacting? | The Biosphere (humans) is changing the Hydrosphere (the river) and the Geosphere (the land where the dam is built). |
| How does the Atmosphere interact with the Hydrosphere to create weather? | Wind (Atmosphere) moves water vapor (Hydrosphere) around the planet, leading to clouds and rain in different locations. |
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