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Biology 122 Exam 2

Plants

Origins of Plants Descended from green algae.
Plants survived in water how? - Supported by buoyancy - Direct nutrient absorption
When plants left water, it helped what? Helped by symbiosis with fungi (mycorrhizae) during Ordovician period.
5 Adaptations for Land 1. Cuticle (prevents water loss) 2. Stomata (gas exchange) 3. Vascular tissue 4. Spores with protective coating 5. Gametangia (protect gametes)
Symbiosis with Fungi Improved nutrient absorption in soil.
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Most diverse because: - Efficient reproduction - Fruit protection - Coevolution with pollinators
Pollinators Increase genetic diversity and reproductive success.
Gamete Adaptations - Pollen (no water needed for sperm) - Seeds (protect embryo)
Roots Anchor, absorb water/minerals.
Shoots Photosynthesis, reproduction.
Vascular Cambium Produces: - Xylem (water transport) - Phloem (sugar transport)
7 Forces Moving Water up Trees 1. Transpiration pull 2. Cohesion 3. Adhesion 4. Capillary action 5. Root pressure 6. Osmosis 7. Negative pressure gradient
Meristematic Tissue Regions of active cell division.
Apical meristem length growth
Lateral meristem width growth
Natural Selection in Pollination Plants with traits attracting pollinators reproduce more.
Fruit Formation - Develops from ovary after fertilization. - Protects and disperses seeds.
Gametophyte (haploid) produces gametes
Sporophyte (diploid) produces spores
Benefit of Sporophyte Dominance - Better protection of genetic material - Greater size and resource access
Created by: user-2003051
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