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Unit 8
Weather and Climate
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| climate | the weather conditions prevailing in an area over multiple decades |
| atmosphere | the system of gases that surrounds Earth |
| energy | a measurable quantity that describes how much change can occur within a system |
| hydrosphere | the system on Earth that contains all of the liquid and frozen water on Earth's surface as well as groundwater below the surface and water vapor in the atmosphere |
| weather | the various patterns of movement of water and air driven by interactions among the geosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air), with inputs of energy from the sun |
| weather system | patterns of weather that take place in the troposphere, caused by the motion of warm and cool air around Earth |
| ocean current | horizontal and vertical streams of circulation in ocean waters that are produced by gravity, wind friction, temperature differences, and water density variation in different parts of the ocean; move in predictable patterns around the Earth |
| radiation | Heat from the Sun travels to Earth through space in the form of _________________. |
| climate regions are created due to | curveture of the Earth, uneven distribution of the Sun's radiation, and the tilt of the Earth on its axis |
| low pressure system | this is created when warm air rises, cooler air moves in to replace it, this generates wind |
| convection cells | convection currents in the atmosphere that create global wind patterns (ex. Hadley, Ferrel, Polar) |
| Coriolis Effect | the apparent deflection of moving objects like wind and ocean currents due to the Earth's rotation |
| prevailing winds | the dominant winds that consistently blow across specific regions, named according to their direction of origin. |
| ocean currents | directed, continuous movements of ocean water |
| the water cycle | natural cycle that consists of 4 main parts: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection |
| westerlies | Westerlies are prevailing winds that blow from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes |
| cold front | the leading edge of a cooler, denser air mass that is actively replacing a warmer, lighter air mass at the Earth's surface |
| warm front | warm, less-dense air mass moves in and slides over a cold, denser air mass |
| occulded front | a fast-moving cold front overtakes a slower-moving warm front. During this process, the warm air mass is lifted completely off the ground and trapped—or "cut off"—between two cooler air masses |
| stationary front | a weather boundary that forms when a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet, but neither is strong enough to push or displace the other |
| typhoons | a mature, intense tropical cyclone (a rotating, low-pressure storm system) that forms over warm tropical waters in the Northwest Pacific Ocean |
| hurricanes | |
| maritime | |
| El Nino | |
| La Nina | |
| jet streams |
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