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bio test 10.10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| population ecology | changes in population size and the factors that regulate populations over time |
| population | a group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area |
| population density | number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume |
| dispersion pattern | the way individuals are spaced within their area |
| clumped | most common pattern, patches, results from unequal distribution of resources |
| uniform | results from interactions between individuals in a population |
| random | rare, patternless |
| life tables | listing of survivals and deaths in a population in a time period |
| survivorship curves | proportion of individuals of a species alive at a given age |
| intrinsic rate of increase | maximum capacity of members of a population to reproduce |
| exponential growth model | idealized picture of unregulated population growth |
| limiting factors | enviornmental factors that restrict population growth |
| logistic growth model | description of idealized population growth slowed by limiting factors as population size increases |
| life history | series of events from life through reproduction to death |
| r-selection | high reproductive rate is chief determinent of life history |
| k-selection | produce few offspring with greater chance of survival |
| sustainable resource management | harvest crops without resource damaging |
| maximum sustained yield | harvesting should be done at a level that produces consistent yield without forcing population decline |
| ecological footprint | estimate at amount of land needed to support our multiple demands for earth's resources |
| demographic transition | movement from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates |
| age structure | proportion of individuals in different age groups |
| species diversity | variety of different kinds of organisms that make up a community |
| trophic structure | feeding relationship among various species in a community |
| interspecific competition | two species competing for some resource |
| competitive exclusion principle | two species fight, one will be exterminated |
| niche | a species' role in a community |
| resource partitioning | different niches that allow species to coexist in a community |
| predation | interaction between species where one preys on the other |
| predator | eats prey |
| prey | gets eaten by predator |
| batesian mimicry | harmless species mimics a harmful one |
| mullerian mimicry | two species in a community mimic each other |
| keystone species | exerts a strong control over community structure because of its niche |
| herbivore | plant eating animal |
| coevolution | reciprocal evolutionary adaptation of two species |
| symbiotic relationship | two species living in direct contact |
| parasitism | +/- |
| pathogens | disease causing bacteria |
| commensalism | +/~ |
| mutualism | +/+ |
| disturbances | events that damage biological communities, remove organisms from them, and alter availabilities of resources |
| ecological succession | a variety of species are disturbed, then a new species takes over |
| primary succession | when ecological succession begins with almost no soil |
| secondary succession | a disturbance destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact |
| food chain | sequence of food transfer up the trophic levels |
| producers | trophic level that supports all others |
| primary consumers | herbivores |
| secondary consumers | eat primary consumers |
| tertiary consumers | eat secondary consumers |
| quaternary consumers | eat tertiary consumers |
| detrivores/decomposers | get energy from dead material |
| detrius | dead material |
| decomposition | breakdown of organic to inorganic materials |
| food web | network of interconnecting food chains |
| energy flow | passage of energy through components of ecosystem |
| chemical cycling | transfer of materials within ecosystem |
| biomass | amount of living organic material in an ecosystem |
| primary production | amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy by producers |
| biochemical cycles | chemical cycles in an ecosystem |
| abiotic reservoir | chemical accumulates outside of living organisms |
Created by:
mcottrell
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