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Cells and Traits
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organelle | A specialized structure inside a cell that carries out a specific task |
| Cell membrane | A thin, flexible boundary that regulates what substances enter and leave the cell. |
| Cell wall | A stiff outer layer outside the membrane that provides support and protection |
| Cytoplasm | The gel-like material that fills the cell and surrounds organelles; many reactions occur here. |
| Nucleus | The cell structure that holds chromosomes (DNA) and directs cell activities. |
| Ribosomes | Structures that assemble amino acids to make proteins. |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that convert energy in food into usable energy for the cell |
| Chloroplast | Plant cell organelles that capture light energy to produce sugars |
| Vacuole | A membrane-bound storage compartment for water, nutrients, or wastes |
| DNA | The molecule that stores hereditary instructions for building proteins and determining traits. |
| Chromosome | A tightly coiled package of DNA found in the nucleus that contains many genes. |
| Gene | A specific section of DNA on a chromosome that provides instructions for one trait/protein. |
| Trait | An observable characteristic of an organism |
| Allele | One of the different forms of a gene |
| Genotype | The allele pair an organism has for a trait |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance or expression of a trait that results from the genotype |
| Dominant | An allele that determines the phenotype when at least one copy is present. |
| Recessive | An allele that determines the phenotype only when two copies are present. |
| Variation | Differences in traits among individuals within the same population. |
| Adaptation | A heritable trait that increases survival or reproductive success and becomes more common over generations. |
| Structural adaptation | A physical body feature that helps an organism survive |
| Behavioral adaptation | A way an organism acts that helps it survive |
| Physiological adaptation | An internal body process that helps survival |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles of a particular gene |
Created by:
martinezrg25
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