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DNA, RNA &bProteins

DNA Replication - RNA - Proteins ( Lesson 4, 1.2, page 8 & 9)

TermDefinition
Helicase An enzyme that undwinds DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
Topoisomerase An enzyme that relaxes the tension caused by DNA unwinding
Single Strand Binding Proteins Holds the strands in place so they dont move back together after creating a replication fork
Is thymine present in DNA or RNA? Thymine is present in DNA
Is uracil present in DNA or RNA? Uracil is present in RNA
True or False there free nucleotides circulating around in the nucleus True, these free nucleotides are attracted to their complementary bases on the exposed single strands.
DNA Ligase When breaks happen in nucleotides in the new strands that form, DNA Ligase moves across broken strands and repairs the breaks
Myoglobin A protein wich stores oxygen in muscle tissue
Where are proteins assembled? In the ribosomes
RNA -A phosphate group, a sugar called ribose and a base (Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and cytosine) -RNA is also a single strand -is created in the nucleus and can go into cytoplasm of the cell
whats the difference between deoxyribose and ribose? In RNA, there is an OH group on the 2' carbon atom, in DNA there is an H instead of an OH
Amino Acid The Building blocks of a Protein consists of a Amino group, Acidic carboxyl group and an R group
mRNA / Messenger RNA Carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where proteins are manufactured
rRNA / Ribosomal RNA Ribosomes, where proteins are made are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins
tRNA / Transfer RNA Carries amino acids in the cytoplasms to ribosomes where amino acids are assembled into protiens
Gene Is a section in DNA that contains a specific set of instructions on how to make a certain protein
Promotor Near the beginning of a gene, there are a specific set of nucleotides called promotors, this signals for a enzyme to start transcribing a gene
terminator Near the end of a gene, there are a specific set of nucleotides called terminators, this signals for an enzyme to stop transcribing the gene
RNA ploymerase An enzyme the reads the code of the gene and then produces mRNA
How does RNA Polymerase function? -It unzips the two strands of DNA starting at the Promotor -Assembles the complementary base pares of the single strand of DNA that is unziped -keeps going until terminator
Cap At the beginning of mRNA
What hapenes to the mRNA before it is transferd to the cytoplasm? Some sections of the mRNA are not used to code for protiens so they are removed
Poly A Tail At the end of mRNA
Created by: Lily Ibrahim
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