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Energy
G5 CH 7 Forms of Energy-- Vocabulary
| Term | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| energy | the ability to do work , cause motion or create a change. Energy has many different forms and cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed | Chemical Energy Mechanical Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Thermal (Heat) Energy Electrical Energy Light (Radiant) Energy Sound Energy Nuclear Energy Magnetic Energy Elastic Energy Gravitational Energy |
| potential energy | stored (saved)energy | Book on a Shelf Stretched Rubber Band Water Behind a Dam Compressed Spring Drawn Archer’s Bow Child at the Top of a Slide Parked Car at the Top of a Hill Yo-yo Before Release Unused Battery (Chemical) Food (Chemical) Unburned Wood Diver on a Diving Board |
| kinetic energy | the energy of motion | Moving Car Flying Airplane Running Person Spinning Ceiling Fan Flowing River Blowing Wind Kicked Soccer Ball Vibrating Guitar String Rolling Bowling Ball Falling Raindrops Orbiting Planets Vibrating Phone |
| chemical energy | energy stored inside the tiny bonds that hold atoms and molecules together. It is a form of potential energy, acting like "stored fuel" that is released when a chemical reaction occurs, turning into heat, light, or motion. | Food Batteries Gasoline Wood Natural Gas Photosynthesis Explosives First-Aid Packs |
| mechanical energy | the total energy an object has because of its movement (kinetic energy) and its position or stored state (potential energy). It is the power that makes things move, such as a rolling ball, a swinging pendulum, or a stretched rubber band. It is the sum of potential and kinetic energy | Moving Car Drawn Bow Pendulum or Swing Windmill Blades Compressed Spring Flowing Water Hammer in Motion Book on a High Shelf Cycling Elevated Roller Coaster |
| light energy | a form of electromagnetic radiation that enables us to see, traveling in straight, incredibly fast waves (miles per second). It originates from sources like the sun, fire, and bulbs, often creating heat. Key behaviors include reflection (bouncing), refraction (bending), and absorption. | Light Energy: Sunlight LED Bulbs Laser Pointers Computer Screens Flashlights Bioluminescent Fireflies Fiber Optics Neon Signs |
| heat energy | the energy that makes particles in solids, liquids, and gases move, vibrate, and bump into each other. It always flows from warmer objects to cooler ones. Heat is essential for cooking, keeping us warm, and comes from sources like the sun, fire, and friction. Hot--> Cold | Boiling Water Radiators Toasters Rubbing Hands Together Geothermal Springs Hair Dryers Electric Blankets Campfires |
| electrical energy | the power created by moving tiny particles called electrons. It flows through closed loops called circuits to power devices like lights, TVs, and toys. This energy can be generated in power plants or stored in batteries, moving almost at the speed of light to turn into heat, light, or motion | Lightning Bolts Power Lines Wall Outlets Solar Panels Static Shocks Electric Motors Smartphones Batteries in Use |
| sound energy | a form of mechanical energy made by vibrations that travel as longitudinal waves through air, water, or solids. When an object vibrates, it causes surrounding molecules to bump into each other, transferring energy that is eventually transforming into thermal energy. Can bounce / encholocation | Examples and Applications Everyday: Musical instruments, human speech, roaring engines, and clapping hands. Technology & Medicine: SONAR for mapping ocean floors, ultrasound for medical imaging |
| batteries | Stored chemical energy turns to ---> electrical energy | |
| produced | made ( Like: Producers make own energy) | |
| transformed | changed. ex. this changes to ------> that | Conversion Transmutation Transduction Exchange Transfer Shift Alteration Transition Modification |
| motion | when an object changes position over time, caused by forces like pushes or pulls. Key types include straight (walking), circular (merry-go-round), rotatory (spinning top), and back-and-forth (swinging). Motion is described by speed and direction, with gravity and friction often affecting how things move. | |
| energy transformation | is the process of changing energy from one form to another, such as in a toaster converting electrical energy into thermal energy. Common examples include chemical energy from food converting to kinetic energy in muscles, photosynthetic conversion of light into chemical energy, and fuel combustion transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy | Toaster: Electrical Thermal Car Engine: Chemical Mechanical Light Bulb: Electrical Light Sun: Nuclear Light/Thermal Photosynthesis: Light Chemical Battery Charging: Electrical Chemical Wind Turbine: Mechanical Electrical Microphone: Sound Electrical Speaker: Electrical Sound Electric Fan: Electrical Mechanical Human Running: Chemical Mechanical Solar Panel: Light Electrical |
| electric charge | a force caused by the movement of negative and positive particles | |
| positive and negative charges | are invisible forces inside tiny particles called atoms. Protons (positive +) and electrons (negative -) make up everything; opposite charges attract, while same charges repel | Positive Charges:=Protons Static-Cling Clothes Negative Charges:=Electrons Lightning Strikes Plastic Comb after Brushing Rubber Balloon Rubbed on Hair |
| attract | A term used to describe the electric or magnetic force exerted by oppositely charged objects or to describe the gravitational force that pulls objects toward each other. Ex. The Sun and the Earth Magnets and Paperclips A Static Balloon and Scraps of Paper Protons and Electrons inside an Atom Earth and the Atmosphere Glue and Paper The Moon and the Ocean Tides | |
| repel | To force away or apart (++,-- Same=go AWAY) Ex. Two Magnets with the Same Ends (North to North) Two Balloons Rubbed on Your Hair The Same Parts of an Atom (Electron to Electron) A "Maglev" Train and Its Tracks Water and Oil in a Jar Two Pieces of Tape Pulled Off the Same Roll Your Hair Strands After Using a Plastic Comb | |
| + + | Same=Repel/Push Away | |
| _ _ | Same=Repel/Push Away | |
| _ + | Opposites Attract | |
| + _ | Opposites Attract | |
| reflect | to bounce light, sound, or heat off of a surface. | Light Reflections: Mirrors Still Water Polished Metal (spoons, coins) Glass Windows Moonlight (sunlight reflecting off the moon) Shiny Table Tops Animal Eyes at Night Bicycle Reflectors Mr OB's Head Sound Reflections: Echoes Reverberation (sound in large empty halls) Stethoscopes Megaphones Sonar (underwater detection) Concert Hall Ceilings Ultrasound Imaging Other Wave Reflections: Radar (radio wave reflection) Satellite Signals |
| pitch | The relative frequency (high or low) of a sound as perceived by a listener | High Pitch: Bird Chirping Whistle Mosquito Buzzing Baby Crying Nails on a Chalkboard Women’s/Children’s Voices Screeching Tires Flute or Piccolo Low Pitch: Thunder Lion Roaring Bass Drum Truck Engine Tuba or Trombone Deep Voices Heartbeat Earthquake Rumbling |
| conductor | a material that energy can easily flow through | Copper Silver Gold Aluminum Iron Steel Brass Saltwater Graphite Mercury Human Body |
| insulator | a material that stops the flow of electricity | Rubber Glass Plastic Ceramic Wood Fiberglass Quartz Styrofoam Paper |
| circuit | a path for electric energy made out of loop(s) | |
| open circuit | off==an electrical path that is broken or disconnected, causing the flow of electricity to stop. Think of it like a bridge that is raised—the electricity cannot cross the gap, so lights turn off and devices stop working. Examples include turning off a light switch or a broken wire. | |
| closed circuit | on == A closed circuit is a complete, unbroken path that allows electricity to flow from a power source (like a battery), through components (like a lightbulb), and back again. Think of it as a connected loop or a race track with no gaps, allowing the "current" to travel continuously | |
| electric current | a flow of particles caused by negative and positive charges | |
| wire | conductor thin flexible metal copper | |
| switch | (on/off )An electrical component that can make or break an electrical circuit. It acts as a control device by either connecting or interrupting the path of an electric current | Closed State (On): The switch completes the circuit, creating a continuous conducting path that allows current to flow and power devices. Open State (Off): The switch breaks the circuit, creating an insulating gap that stops the flow of electrons |
| friction | A force that opposes motion through direct contact | |
| Absorb | To take up and store energy without reflecting or transmitting that energy | Light Absorption: Black Clothing Solar Panels Asphalt Roads Construction Paper Leaf Chlorophyll Window Tinting Ocean Depths Sound Absorption: Foam Panels Carpeting Heavy Curtains Snow Upholstered Furniture Acoustic Ceiling Tiles Earplugs Heat/Moisture Absorption: Sponges Cotton Towels Silica Gel Packets Soil Dark-Colored Roofs |
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Mr OBerc
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