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Gene regulation
Unit 3&4 VCE Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| structural gene | genes that produce proteins that contribute to the structure or functioning of an organism |
| intron | parts of the non-coding region of a gene that are transcribed but not translated |
| regulatory gene | class of gene that controls the activity of other genes |
| pre-mRNA | mRNA that is produced after transcription, still contains introns and does not have methyl cap or polyA tail |
| mature/post-mRNA | mRNA that is modified during post-transcription modification (RNA processing) to remove introns and add methyl cap & polyA tail |
| trp operon | operon which contains a promoter, an operator, regulatory & structural genes and controls production of tryptophan |
| leader region | section of DNA in the trp operon where hairpin loop forms in attenuation |
| hairpin loop | loop that forms in the leader region of the trp operon during attenuation, stopping transcription of trp structural genes |
| repressor protein | binds to the operator region on the trp operon to prevent transcription (part of the repression) |
| operator | location just downstream of promoter in an operon where repressor protein binds to block RNA polymerase from beginning transcription |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that binds to the promoter region and catalyses transcription by joining complementary RNA nucleotides, using DNA template strand |
| methyl cap & poly-A tail | added to either end of the pre-mRNA to protect it from degradation by enzymes as it moves into the cytosol (part of post-transcription modification/RNA processing) |
| promoter | location upstream of gene where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription |
| post-transcriptional modification (RNA processing) | removal of introns, addition of poly-A tail and modified guanine methyl cap |
| gene regulation | process by which gene expression is switched on or off |
| repression | regulatory mechanism in trp operon involving an operator and a repressor protein |
| exon | part of the coding region of a gene that is both transcribed and translated |
| alternative splicing | process where one or more exons are removed with the introns to produce different mRNA sequences |
| attenuation | regulatory mechanism in trp operon involving a leader region and a hair-pin loop |
Created by:
BiologyBright
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