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Forensics-Impression
Forensics - Tool marks and Impressions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Toolmark | any impression, abrasion, or cut made when contact occurs between a tool and an object |
| 3 categories of toolmarks | indentation, abrasion, cutting |
| what type of evidence is a tool mark | circumstantial |
| how is an abrasion made | when one surface slides across another |
| what type of tool makes a cutting mark | edged instruments |
| how is an indention made | when a tool is pressed against a softer surface |
| what is the first step to documenting tool mark evidence | collecting it when possible |
| what type of casting is used for toolmarks | silicone or rubber based |
| what info does scanning tools give us about tool marks | depth/height, contour map |
| patent print | 2 dimensional |
| plastic print | 3 dimensional |
| latent print | hidden to the eye |
| what are methods used to make latent prints visible | casting, electrostatic dusting/lifting, creating plastic impressions |
| what type of evidence are impressions | class |
| what can shoe print size tell us | foot size |
| what can depth of a shoe print tell us about a person | their weight |
| what are factors that personalize our footwear? | body weight, way we walk (weight distribution, direction of toes) surface walked on, unique hotels, cuts/debris embedded in tread |
| what casting material is used for foot wear impressions? | plastic |
| what is the structure of a tire tread made of | ribs and grooves |
| how do you measure track width | from center of tire to center of tire |
| compare track width and wheelbase | track width is from center of tire to center of tire, wheelbase is from center of front axle to center of rear axle |
| what can debris patterns and tire marks tell about an accident | speed, direction , vehicle identification |
| tire scrub | determines area of impact |
| skid mark | clues to distance traveled after brakes are applied, vehicles speed |
| yaw mark | shows a sideways skid |
| crown | above the gum line |
| neck | where crown and root meet |
| root | embedded in bony socket |
| enamel | calcium carbonate and phosphate covering the dentin |
| dentin | a connective tissue that has calcified and gives teeth their basic shape |
| pulp | contains nerves and blood vessels |
| cementum | a bonelike substance that covers dentin in root |
| periodontal ligament | anchors tooth to bone, keeps teeth in alignment, shock absorber |
| what does a rocker jaw tell us | a person has Australian aborigines and some pacific islander orgins |
| shape of human bite mark | horseshoe pattern |
| after what age do wisdom teeth come in | 15 |
| how many teeth are in baby teeth? adult teeth? | baby- 20 adult- 32 |
| difference between animal and human bite marks | different dentition patterns |
| what is the difference between an antemortem bite mark and a post mortem | antemortem bruises and swells, postmortem doesn't |
| what can be used to make presumptive identification of a body | personal effects, family ID, location of body |
| what can be used to make a positive identification of a body | fingerprints, DNA, medical and dental records |
| what characteristics of teeth could make them individual evidence | dental alterations (fillings, caps, bridgework, dentures) size, shape, gaps, wears, stains, missing/extra teeth |
Created by:
elladunmire
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