Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Week 6
Mutations + proteins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mutation defintion | Any permanent change in an organism's DNA |
| Point mutation definition | One or a small number of base changes (substitutions, insertions or deletions) |
| Substitution vs. insertion vs. deletion | Substitution: different base is substituted in Insertion: nucleotide is inserted in to DNA sequence Deletion: nucleotide is removed from DNA sequence |
| Silent vs. missense vs. nonsense mutations | Silent: no effect, will still code for same amino acid (redundancy in code) Missense: codes for differnernt amino acid Nonsense: changes amino acid into a stop codon |
| Non-frameshift vs. frameshift mutations | frameshift is caused by insertion/deletion (not in multiples of 3) leading to a very different potentially non-functional protein. non frameshift does not change the reading frame |
| Consequences of framshift mutations | non-functional proteins, ex. cancer or severe diseases |
| What is a spontaneous mutation? | random changes in an organisms genetic code not caused by external sources; mutation caused by errors in DNA replication or in cell division |
| Examples of physical + chemical mutagens | UV light, x-rays, gamma rays, pesticides, etc |
| 3 different types of mutations | small scale/point mutations, alterations in chromosome structure, and alterations in chromosome number |
| Causes of mutations | errors in DNA replication or in cell division, induced mutations caused by mutagens (ex. radiation + chemicals) |
| Most mutations are: | neutral or deleterious (harmful) |
| Inversion (in alteration in chromosome structure) | order of genes is changed; a segment of a chromosome breaks off, flips around, and rejoins |
| Translocation (in alteration in chromosome structure) | a section of chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to another chromosome (similar to crossing over) |
| Deletion (in alteration in chromosome structure) | a segment of chromosome is lost |
| Duplication (in alteration in chromosome structure) | a segment of chromosome is present in multiple copies |
| Fitness defintion | an organisms ability to survive + reproduce/pass on its genes (offspring must be viable as well) |
| Alteration in chromosome structure defintion | abnormal chromosome structure; results from larger scale changes in the chromosome bases (duplications, inversions, deletions + translocations) |
| Alteration in chromosome number defintion | abormal chromosome number; results from non-disjunction during meiosis (aneuploidy + polyploid) |
Created by:
every_august
Popular Biology sets