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Rock for Alex
rock cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mixture of minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter or other material | rocks |
| Model showing processes that create and change rock | rock cycle |
| rock can be changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock | sedimentary rock |
| rock can ,melt and cool to form igneous rock | metamorphic |
| Rock can be broken into fragments that may later form sedimentary rock | igneous |
| rock cycle never destroys elements of rocks but merely redistributes them | conservation of matter |
| recognize the rock cycle in 1788 by observing Siccar Point, Scotland | James Hutton |
| form from magma deep under the Earth's surface | igneous |
| Magma reaching the surface flows from a volcano | lava |
| magma trapped below the surface forms large grained _____ igneous rock when it cools | intrusive |
| magma cools at or near the Earth's surface forms small-grained _____ igneous rocks | extrusive |
| the igneous rocks are dark-colored and dense | basaltic |
| basaltic rocks contain _____ and ______ but very little silica | iron and magnesium |
| Basaltic lava flows _____ from a volcano | freely |
| the igneous rocks are lower density and lighter color | granitic |
| granitic contain more _____ and less iron and magnesium | silica |
| granitic magma is _____ and _____ | thick and stiff |
| these rocks have more balanced composition of materials and density than basaltic of granitic rocks | andesitic |
| Crystal _____, large or small, can help identify igneous rock as intrusive or extrusive | size |
| Volcanic glass rocks ___ so quickly that few crystals form | cool |
| some rocks have _____ formed around once-trapped air and other gases | holes |
| igneous rocks are formed in _____ ways | two |
| They are formed__________ (under Earth;s surface) and ____ (at or near Earth's surface) | intrusive and extrusive |
| types are basaltic, granitic, and andesitic | magma |
| Metamorphic rocks are changed by _____, _____ and hot fluids | temperature and pressure |
| _____ and _____ result from one layer of rock on top of another | heat and pressure |
| Sometimes pressure _____ mineral grains in rocks without melting hem | flattens |
| hot, water-rich _____ can move through rock, chemically changing it | fluids |
| Rocks are classified by composition and _____ | texture |
| _____ texture - mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers or bands | foliated |
| _____ texture - mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers | nonfoliated |
| _____ rocks are mostly found on the exposed surface of Earth | sedimentary |
| Rock fragments, mineral grains ad bits of plant and animal remains moved by wind, water, ice or gravity are called | sediments |
| Sedimentary rocks form in | layers |
| Sedimentary rocks are _____ by what they were made of and how they are formed | classified |
| _____ sedimentary rocks are made from broken fragments or other rocks | petrital |
| when layers of small sediments stick together because of pressure, _____ occurs | compactions |
| When water and other minerals move through open spaces between larger sediments gluing them together, _____ occurs | cementation |
| Detrital rocks often have a _____ texture | granular |
| Rocks are named according to _____ and _____ of sediments | shapes and sizes |
| Sediment size can be large like _____ or small like _____. | gravel and clay |
| Sediments can be _____or have _____ angles. | round sharp |
| Chemical sedimentary rocks are non-clastic rocks formed when dissolved _____ came out of solution | minerals |
| Limestones form from _____, which is calcium carbonate in solution | calcite |
| rock salt forms from _____, which is salt in solution | halite |
| Organic sedimentary rocks are made from the _____ of one-living plants and animals | remains |
| _____ is made of microscopic calcite-shell remains of animals | chalk |
| _____ is made of plant remains, chemically changed by microorganisms and compacted over millions of years | coal |
| rock cycle is a _____ and dynamic process | continous |
Created by:
dawnbrunet
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