Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Exam 1
BIOSC-171
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of Environmental Science | Interdisciplinary study of humanity's relationship w/ biotic + abiotic environment |
| What is the difference between abiotic and biotic? Give an example of each. | Abiotic = Non-living [Ex: geology, water, climate, fire, energy] Biotic = Living [Plants, Bacteria, Animals, Fungi, Humans, Protist] |
| What is sustainability | Meeting our needs today without compromising the needs of future generation |
| Why is environmental science considered to be multidisiplinary? | It provides a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the environment and its issues |
| What three things are necessary to consider when striving for sustainability. | Environmental Sound Decisions, Economically Viable Decisions, Social Equitable Decisions. |
| What is Easter Island and what lessons did we learn from it? | Remote island in the pacific, Colonization affect the land badly bc it's now a single village that depends on imported food + tourism |
| Who is Jared Diamond? What did he write and why is it applicable? | Author of Collapse, book is about societal persistence depends on the relationship with the natural environment |
| Ecological Footprint | Area of land and water |
| What is natural resources? | Resources from the environment |
| What are Ecosystems Services? Why are they important? | direct and indirect benefits that ecosystems provide to humans. They are important because they provided us with clean air, clean water, and soil for crops |
| Environmental Ethics | The application of ethical standards to the relationship between people and non-human entities. |
| Frontier Attitude | Society thought that resources were unlimited |
| What lessons can we learn from the Passenger Pigeon? | A species resilience depends on more than just its abundance |
| What roles did Henry David Thoreau play in the environmental movement? | His paintings increased the investment in the environment |
| What role did John James Audubon play in the environmental movement? | Wrote about living in a natural surroundings |
| What role did George Perkins Marsh play in the environmental movement? | Recognized the interrelatedness of humans with environmental systems. |
| Year of establishment for the U.S. forest services | 1905 |
| First head of the U.S. forest services | Gifford Pinchot |
| First Nation's (and the world's) first National Park | Yellowstone National Park |
| What year did Yellowstone National Park become established? | 1872 |
| When did Yosemite National Park become established? | 1890 |
| What role did Rachel Carson play in the environmental movement? | Started the environmental movement, heightened public awareness about the use of pesticides |
| What role did Wallace Stegnar play in the environmental movement? | Help create support for the wilderness act (1964) |
| What role did Aldo Leopold play in the environmental movement? | Urged people to view themselves as part of nature |
| Hypothesis | "Educated" guess to explain a problem |
| Scientific Law | A set of observed regularities expressed in a concise verbal or mathematical statement |
| Scientific Theory | An explanation of a observation (or series of observation) that is substantiated by considerable body of evidence. |
| Give example of inexhaustible renewable | solar energy, wind energy, wave energy, geothermal energy |
| Give example of exhaustible renewable | fresh water, forest products, biodiversity, soils |
| Give example of nonrenewable natural resources. | Crude oil, Natural gas, coal, minerals |
| What is eutrophication? What causes it? | Caused by excess N and P in aquatic systems (Creates DEAD ZONE) |
| What is a watershed? | The entire area of land that drains into a bay/river |
| What is an airshed? | The geographic area that produces air pollutants likely to end up in a waterway. |
| What are atoms? | smallest particle that retains the properties of an element |
| What are ions? | A charged atom |
| When water dissociates, what does it dissociate into? | OH- (or hydroxide) ions and H+ (hydrogen ions; sometimes also called protons) |
| The different forms of energy and and how energy changes from one form to another | Potential energy = stored E, E of position Kinetic energy = E of movement Chemical energy = potential E held in the bonds between atoms |
| What are the first Laws of Thermodynamics | Energy in the universe cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form |
| Overall process of photosynthesis | Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil. Using sunlight, they transform these into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen |
| what type of energy conversion is taking place in photosynthesis? | Light energy is converted to chemical energy |
| The overall chemical reaction in photosynthesis? | 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
| Protons | Positive |
| Neutrons | No Charge |
| Electrons | Negative |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms of an element that differ in mass |
| How are Isotopes and Ion different? | Isotopes have different neutrons meanwhile ions have gain or lose electrons |
| What are the most common elements in biological systems? | Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, & Carbon |
| Second Laws of Thermodynamics | As energy changes form it always results in greater entropy |
| How do the first and second Laws of Thermodynamics laws relate to energy conservation and energy transfer | The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us about conservation of energy among processes, while the Second Law of Thermodynamics talks about the directionality of the processes |
| What are the reactants in photosynthesis | Carbon dioxide and water |
| What is the process of cellular respiration | Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation |
| What type of energy conversion is taking place during cellular respiration | Glucose (chemical energy) is transformed into ATP energy. |
| The overall (balanced) chemical reaction (What are the products? What are the reactants?) | Reactants are oxygen and glucose molecules Reactants are carbon dioxide, water and ATP molecules |
| Producers (autotrophs) | Organisms that produce organic molecules |
| Consumers (Heterotroph) | Organisms as a source of food energy |
| Decomposers (Saprotrophs) | Organisms that break down dead organic materials as an energy source |
| How is a primary consumer different from a secondary consumer? A tertiary consumer? | Primary consumers eat producers, secondary consumers generally primary consumers, and tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers |
| How does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics affect the efficiency of energy transfer within an ecosystem? Why is energy transfer so inefficient? | Some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable |
| What is ecosystem productivity? | Rate of generation of biomass in the ecosystem |
| What is Gross Primary Productivity? | Rate at which solar energy is captured sugar molecules during photosynthesis |
| How are they different from Net Primary Productivity? | It's different bc Gross productivity is the overall rate of energy capture |
| Can you example of a very productive ecosystem? | Tropical Rainforst |
| Can you example of a very ecosystem that is very low in productivity? | Subtropical Desert |
| Carbon Cycle | Atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere via processes that include photosynthesis, fire, the burning of fossil fuels, weathering, and volcanism. |
| Water Cycle | Evaporation, condensation, Sublimation, Precipitation, Transpiration, Runoff, Infiltration |
| Nitrogen Cycle | nitrogen fixation, nitrification assimilation ammonification denitrification |
| The science of ecology | Scientific stufy of the relationship between living organism -- including humans--and their physical environment |
| Organisms | Any single life form |
| Community | Group of interacting organisms that live in the same area at the same time |
| Ecosystem | An assembly of all organism and nonliving entities that occur and interact in particular area at the same time |
| Population density | The number of individuals within a population per unit area. = # individuals / unit area |
| Ways to measure population density | Count all individuals Estimate density (Count individuals in sample plot) |
| Different patterns of dispersion organisms have within a population. | -Clumped -Uniform -Random |
| Niche | An organisms functional role in the community |
| Generalists | A species that can survive in a broad range of habitats |
| Specialist | A species that can survive only in a narrow range of habitats |
| Population growth | Population is determined by Four important factors |
| 4 Factors that influence growth | Natality Mortality Immigration Emmigration |
| Exponential growth | Growth of a population under ideal, unregulated conditions. Increases by a FIXED % each year (Looks like a J) |
| Logistic growth | Early exponential growth is slowed (and stopped) by limited factors (Looks like a S) |
| Carrying capacity | Maximum population size that the environment can sustain |
| Density dependent growth regulation | Population-limited factors whose effect up or down depending on population density (Limited Food supply) |
| Density independent growth regulation | Population-limited factor whp intensity is unrelated to population density (Early first freeze, hurricane, landslide) |
| Biotic potential | Ability to reproduce offspring |
| R-selected | -Frog -Butterflies -Bacteria -Fish |
| K-selected | -Elephants -Graffis -Orca whales -Humans |
| Interspecific interactions "inter" = "between / among" | Interactions within a species |
| Intraspecific interactions "intra" = within | Interactions between different species |
| Competition | Relationship that occurs when multiple organisms seek the same limited resourses |
| Predation | [Comsumer = predator] [food species = pray] |
| Symbiosis | "Living together" An intimate interation between 2 species |
| Competitive exclusion principle | 2 similar species that compete for the same limiting resources; can not coexist in the same place |
| Who was G.F.Gause? | Russian ecologist |
| What is resource partitioning and how does it relate to the ecological niche? | Differentiation of niches that allow similar species to coexist in a community Each SP. uses a different niche = competition for food minimized |
| How is parasitism different from mutualism? | parasitism exploits living host one organism benefits the other is harmed. Meanwhile mutualism is symbiosis that benefits BOTH partners (win-win!) |
| Plant defenses | Plants need energy to create physical and chemical defenses |
| Mimicry | "Copycat: adaptation where one mimics the adaptation of another species |
| Difference between Batesian mimicry and Mullerian mimicry? | Batesian mimicry is when harmless species mimics a harmful model and mullerian mimicry is when 2 or more unpalatable species resemble each other |
| Keystone species | Species that has an especially far-reaching effect on the community |
| Examples of keystone species | Starfish, Sea Otters, Wolves |
| Who was Robert Paine? What did he study? What did his research show? | American Ecology, Studied the removal of seastars, he found diversity decreased |
Created by:
user-2026912
Popular Biology sets