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Cell cycle,stem cell

Unit 1&2 VCE Biology

TermDefinition
anaphase stage of mitosis; chromosomes move away from each other, to opposite poles of the cell. (APART)
binary fission asexual reproduction, bacteria divide in 2 to reproduce
cell cycle series of steps that take place in a cell leading to its division & replication - G1, S, G2, M
centromere position where chromatids are held together in a chromosome
chromatid one of the strands in a double stranded chromosome
chromosome thread-like structure composed of DNA & histone protein, located in the nucleus
cytokinesis division of cytoplasm that occurs after mitosis
interphase part of the cell cycle before mitosis, where growth & synthesis occur (BETWEEN)
metaphase stage of mitosis; chromosomes align around the equator of a cell (MIDDLE)
mitosis one parent cell produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells
apoptosis programmed cell death
prophase stage of mitosis; chromosomes contract & become visible, spindle forms & nuclear membrane breaks down (PREPARATION)
telophase stage of mitosis; two new nuclear membranes form around the two separated groups of chromosomes (TWO CELLS)
S phase Synthesis: part of interphase stage of cell cycle, where chromosomes are copied (DNA synthesis) & become double stranded
G phase (G1 & G2) Growth: part of the interphase stage of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, organelles are copied & DNA is proofread
intrinsic pathway apoptotic pathway that is activated by signals from within the cell, initiated by the mitochondria
extrinsic pathway apoptotic pathway that is activated by signals from outside the cell, initiated by death receptors
stem cell undifferentiated cell in a multicellular organism that can differentiate into other cell types
totipotent (stem cell) type of stem cell that can give rise to ALL cell types
pluripotent (stem cell) type of stem cell that can give rise to MOST cell types
multipotent (stem cell) type of stem cell that can give rise to MANY, related cell types
unipotent (stem cell) type of stem cell that can give rise to only ONE cell type
Created by: BiologyBright
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