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Science P6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary function of chloroplasts within a plant cell? | They trap light energy for the process of photosynthesis. |
| In the human digestive system, where is the process of digestion completed? | The small intestine. |
| Which organ in the human digestive system is responsible for the absorption of water from undigested food? | The large intestine. |
| Which part of the human digestive system performs physical digestion by breaking food into smaller pieces? | The mouth. |
| In the human digestive system, what is the specific function of the oesophagus? | It transports food from the mouth to the stomach. |
| Identify three organs in the human digestive system that produce digestive juices. | The mouth, stomach, and small intestine. |
| What structural adaptation of plant flowers helps attract insects for pollination? | The production of sweet nectar. |
| How does the closing of leaves in certain carnivorous plants serve as a behavioral adaptation? | It allows the plant to trap insects and obtain nutrients for growth. |
| Explain the relationship between air pressure and the ability to compress air inside a sealed container. | Air can be compressed because its particles have space between them, allowing the volume to decrease under pressure. |
| Why does saliva on a cat's body help keep the animal cool? | The saliva gains heat from the cat's body and evaporates, removing thermal energy. |
| Define pollution as it relates to the environment. | The release of harmful substances into the land, water, or air. |
| What is the energy conversion that occurs in an electric motor? | Electrical energy → kinetic energy. |
| Why are solar-powered cars considered environmentally beneficial regarding resources? | They reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are finite, non-renewable resources. |
| What is the function of the seed leaves (cotyledons) in a developing seedling? | They provide food for the seedling until its first true leaves can perform photosynthesis. |
| Which human body systems work together to transport oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body? | The circulatory and respiratory systems. |
| In the human circulatory system, which blood vessels generally carry blood with a high concentration of carbon dioxide? | Blood vessels traveling from the body parts back to the heart and then to the lungs. |
| What is the function of the anther in a flowering plant? | It produces pollen grains, which contain the male reproductive cells. |
| In human reproduction, where does fertilization typically take place? | The Fallopian tube. |
| Which part of the female human reproductive system is responsible for producing eggs? | The ovaries. |
| Identify the two main tubes found in a plant's vascular system and their respective functions. | The xylem transports water and minerals, while the phloem transports food (sugar). |
| What is the primary function of stomata in plant leaves? | They facilitate gaseous exchange between the plant and the surrounding air. |
| How does the presence of a wing-like structure on a seed affect its dispersal? | It allows the seed to stay in the air longer, increasing the distance it can be carried by the wind. |
| Which property of matter is demonstrated when a solid object is submerged in a full container of water and causes it to overflow? | Matter occupies space (volume). |
| How does increasing the temperature of a liquid affect its rate of evaporation? | It increases the rate of evaporation as more particles gain enough energy to escape into the air as gas. |
| What causes the formation of water droplets on the outer surface of a cold glass of milk? | Warmer water vapor in the surrounding air loses heat to the cooler surface of the glass and condenses. |
| In a parallel circuit, what happens to the remaining bulbs if one bulb fuses? | The other bulbs remain lit because there is still a closed path for the current to flow. |
| What is the primary difference between a three-stage and a four-stage life cycle? | A four-stage life cycle includes a pupal stage, whereas a three-stage life cycle does not. |
| How does the streamlined body shape of an aquatic animal aid its movement? | It reduces water resistance (drag), allowing the animal to move faster through the water. |
| Why is a magnet considered to have a non-contact force? | It can exert a push or pull on magnetic materials without touching them. |
| Which force opposes the motion of an object sliding across a floor? | Frictional force. |
| What happens to the temperature of a substance during a change of state, such as melting or boiling? | The temperature remains constant until the entire substance has changed state. |
| How does the amount of exposed surface area affect the rate of heat loss from a hot liquid? | A larger exposed surface area increases the rate of heat loss. |
| What is the function of the roots in a plant besides absorbing water? | They anchor the plant firmly into the soil. |
| Describe the energy conversion that occurs when a battery-powered torch is switched on. | Chemical energy → electrical energy → light energy + heat energy. |
| What is the relationship between the mass of an object and the gravitational force acting on it? | The greater the mass, the greater the gravitational force. |
| Explain why metals are used for the base of cooking pots. | Metals are good conductors of heat. |
| What is the primary source of energy for the Earth's water cycle? | The Sun. |
| Which state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape? | Liquid. |
| What is transpiration in plants? | The loss of water vapor through stomata. |
| Which gas is required by plants for photosynthesis? | Carbon dioxide. |
| Which gas is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis? | Oxygen. |
| Which organ pumps blood throughout the entire human body? | The heart. |
| What is the boiling point of pure water at standard atmospheric pressure? | 100°C. |
| What is the freezing point of pure water? | 0°C. |
| What is the primary function of the mouth in the human digestive system? | It breaks down food into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion. |
| What is the function of the esophagus (gullet)? | It transports food from the mouth to the stomach. |
| In plants, what is the role of the transport tubes known as xylem? | They transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. |
| What is the function of phloem tubes in a plant transport system? | They transport food (sugar) from the leaves to all other parts of the plant. |
| The process by which a seed grows into a young plant is called _____. | Germination. |
| What is the definition of pollination in flowering plants? | The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. |
| In plant reproduction, what occurs during fertilization? | The male reproductive cell fuses with the egg (ovule). |
| How does seed dispersal help a plant species survive? | It reduces competition between the parent plant and seedlings for sunlight, water, space, and nutrients. |
| What are stomata? | Tiny openings on leaf surfaces that allow for gaseous exchange between the plant and surroundings. |
| What is the main substance produced by plants during photosynthesis? | Sugar (glucose), which is often stored as starch. |
| How does deforestation contribute to global warming? | Fewer trees take in less carbon dioxide, leading to higher atmospheric levels that trap more heat on Earth. |
| Identify one structural adaptation of wind-pollinated flowers. | Feathery stigmas or anthers that hang out of the flower. |
| Which characteristic is typical of animal-pollinated flowers to attract pollinators? | Brightly colored petals or the presence of sweet nectar. |
| How many legs and body parts do all insects possess? | Six legs and three body parts (head, thorax, and abdomen). |
| Which stage of the mosquito life cycle is the only one capable of spreading diseases to humans? | The adult stage. |
| Why does spraying oil on stagnant water effectively kill mosquito larvae? | The oil layer blocks the larva's breathing tube, preventing it from receiving air. |
| What is the definition of frictional force? | A force that opposes the motion of one surface sliding or rolling over another. |
| Which force acts on a falling object due to the Earth's pull? | Gravitational force (weight). |
| Describe the energy conversion in a solar-powered fan. | Light energy → electrical energy → kinetic energy. |
| What is the energy conversion sequence for a water wheel used to generate electricity? | Potential energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy. |
| Why can more air be pumped into a fixed-volume container like a bicycle tire? | Air is a gas and can be compressed. |
| How do fluffed-up feathers help a bird stay warm in cold weather? | They trap more air, reducing heat loss from the bird's body. |
| Why does a metal object feel colder than a wooden object at the same low temperature? | Metal conducts heat away from the hand faster. |
| How does pond depth generally affect the rate of photosynthesis for submerged plants? | Increasing depth decreases light intensity, slowing photosynthesis. |
| What is an advantage of a species having young and adults that live in different environments? | It prevents competition for food between life stages. |
| What is the primary role of the heart in the human circulatory system? | To pump blood to all parts of the body. |
| How do the digestive and circulatory systems work together? | The digestive system breaks down food and the circulatory system transports nutrients. |
| What is the function of a plant's stem? | It supports the plant and contains transport tubes for food and water. |
| What are the two main functions of plant roots? | They anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals. |
| List the four essential requirements for photosynthesis to occur. | Light, carbon dioxide, water, and chlorophyll. |
| How does the distance between a light source and an object affect light intensity? | Light intensity decreases as distance increases. |
| Define pollution according to environmental science fundamentals. | The release of harmful substances into the land, water, or air. |
| Why is solar energy considered a better alternative to fossil fuels? | It is renewable, unlike fossil fuels which are finite. |
| Which form of energy is possessed by a moving object? | Kinetic energy. |
| What is the primary energy conversion when an object moves from a high point to a low point? | Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. |
| What is the purpose of using a lubricant like oil on moving parts? | To reduce friction and energy loss as heat. |
| Compare the brightness of bulbs in a series circuit versus a parallel circuit. | Bulbs in a parallel circuit are brighter. |
| How does a waxy leaf surface benefit a plant? | It reduces water loss by evaporation. |
| What is the function of webbed feet in aquatic animals like ducks? | They increase surface area for efficient swimming. |
| What is the purpose of gills in fish? | To absorb oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide. |
| How do large ears benefit animals living in hot climates? | They increase heat loss due to a large surface area. |
| Explain the state of the mist seen above a pot of boiling water. | It is liquid water droplets formed by condensation. |
| What is the relationship between an object's height and its gravitational potential energy? | Greater height means greater gravitational potential energy. |
| How does the speed of an object affect its kinetic energy? | Higher speed means greater kinetic energy. |
| Which part of a flower eventually develops into a seed after fertilization? | The ovule. |
| Which part of a flower grows to become the fruit? | The ovary. |
| State one similarity between the human circulatory system and the plant transport system. | Both transport essential substances throughout the organism. |
| Which gas is primarily released by plants during photosynthesis? | Oxygen. |
| What happens to a plant's ability to photosynthesize if chlorophyll is absent? | Photosynthesis cannot occur. |
| Why does a rolling ball eventually stop if no further force is applied? | Friction opposes its motion. |
| What defines a finite resource in the context of energy? | A resource that exists in limited supply and cannot be replaced once depleted. |
| Why is it important for seeds to be dispersed away from the parent plant? | To reduce overcrowding and competition. |
| Distinguish between evaporation and boiling. | Evaporation occurs at any temperature at the surface, while boiling occurs at a fixed temperature throughout. |
| In a food web, what does the arrow represent? | The direction of energy flow. |
| What is a behavioral adaptation? | An action or habit that helps an organism survive. |
| Give an example of a structural adaptation in plants. | Thorns or specialized leaf shapes. |
| Why is the volume of a liquid fixed while the volume of a gas is not? | Liquid particles are close together while gas particles can be compressed. |
| What role does the large intestine play in the digestive system? | It absorbs water and minerals. |
| Which human system is responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide? | The respiratory system. |
| What is the function of the ribcage in the human body? | To protect the heart and lungs. |
| What is the relationship between mass and gravitational force? | Greater mass results in greater gravitational force. |
| Which characteristics confirm an organism is a mushroom and not a plant? | It feeds on living or dead organisms and reproduces by spores. |
| What are the necessary conditions for a bean plant seed to germinate? | Water, oxygen (air), and warmth. |
| Which characteristics define an organism as an insect? | Having six legs and three body parts. |
| How are reptiles and mammals similar? | Both breathe through lungs. |
| What do a group of frogs and tadpoles living together in a pond form? | A population. |
| What is the function of the human skeletal system? | Supports the body and gives it shape Protects internal organs (e.g. skull protects the brain, rib cage protects the heart and lungs) Allows movement together with muscles |
| Which part of the human digestive system breaks down food into smaller pieces? | The mouth. |
| In a food web, what is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms? | The sun. |
| How do ferns reproduce? | By spores. |
| If an organism cannot make its own food and reproduces from spores, which group does it belong to? | Fungi. |
| Ariel is running while pushing a supermarket trolley. What is the main energy conversion for the moving trolley? | Potential energy (from the person) to kinetic energy |
| What is the definition of pollution? | The release of harmful substances into the land, water, or air. |
| Why are solar-powered cars considered environmentally friendly? | They reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels and use a renewable energy source. |
| In an experiment with a toy car, why does adding more mass to a pull-force holder make the car move? | It increases the pull force to overcome the friction between the car and the table. |
| Why does air between a coffee sleeve and a hand keep the hand from feeling too much heat? | Air is a poor conductor of heat, slowing down heat gain from the hot coffee. |
| Common characteristic of mushrooms and ferns? | Both reproduce from spores. |
| Characteristic that cannot be used to identify a bird from a mammal? | Method of reproduction (as some mammals also lay eggs). |
| Function of the large intestine in the human digestive system? | Removes water from undigested food. |
| Where are human eggs produced? | In the ovaries. |
| Where does a human fertilized egg develop? | In the uterus (womb). |
| Primary function of a plant's roots? | Absorbs water and mineral salts for the plant. |
| Characteristic found in insects but not in other animals? | They have 3 body parts and 3 pairs of legs. |
| Typical characteristic of wind-pollinated flowers? | Dull-coloured petals and anthers that hang out of the flower. |
| Typical characteristic of animal-pollinated flowers? | Brightly coloured petals and presence of nectar. |
| Environmental benefit of reforestation? | Helps to reduce soil erosion and flooding. |
| Effect of cutting down trees on the environment? | Increases haze and global warming. |
| Path of water transport in a plant? | Roots to stem to leaves. |
| Main function of a morning glory's stem climbing a pole? | To allow the leaves to reach for more sunlight. |
| Is hair length an inherited trait? | No, it is an acquired characteristic. |
| Are eye colour and tongue rolling inherited traits? | Yes. |
| Can organisms in a garden habitat be found in a field habitat? | Yes, both habitats can have common animal populations. |
| A false statement about energy in a food web? | That energy can be recycled (energy is lost as heat at each level). |
| Most likely animal group for an organism with hair? | Mammal. |
| Main difference between fungi and plants? | Plants can make their own food while fungi cannot. |
| What happens to the air when a sealed empty plastic bottle is crushed? | The air in the bottle is compressed. |
| If a question asks: "Why did the plant die after its roots were coated in waterproof oil?" List out 3 points | Your Answer should mention: The roots cannot absorb water. The plant cannot carry out photosynthesis. The plant cannot make food and dies. |
| A metal container of ice is placed on a wooden table in a room at 30°C. After 10 minutes, droplets of water are seen on the outer surface of the container. Explain how the water droplets were formed. (2 Marks) | "The warmer water vapour in the surrounding air comes into contact with the cooler outer surface of the metal container. The water vapour loses heat to the cooler surface and condenses to form water droplets." |
| If I replaced the metal container with a plastic one, would the water droplets form faster or slower? | Plastic is a poor conductor of heat, so it gains heat slowly and stays warmer. Water vapour loses heat more slowly on plastic, so condensation happens more slowly. |
| an experiment testing how high a ball bounces on different surfaces (Grass vs. Wood). If you change the surface, can you also change the height from which you drop the ball? Why or why not? | To ensures a fair test. By keeping the height constant, it ensures that only the type of surface (the changed variable) affects the height of the bounce (the measured result) |
| Digestive System "S__________ substances", "A__________ into the bloodstream", "D_________ juices" | "Simplified substances", "Absorbed into the bloodstream", "Digestive juices" |
| Plant Transport "X_______ (transports water/mineral salts)", "P_______ (transports sugar/food)" | "Xylem (transports water/mineral salts)", "Phloem (transports sugar/food)" |
| Photosynthesis "C__________ traps light", "C________ + W______ -> Sugar + Oxygen" | "Chlorophyll traps light", "Carbon dioxide + Water -> Sugar + Oxygen" |
| Respiratory "G________ exchange", "I_________ surface area", "S___mata" | "Gaseous exchange", "Increased surface area", "Stomata" |
| Reproduction "P____________", "Dispersal to prevent _______________" | "Pollination", "Dispersal to prevent overcrowding" |
| Forces (Friction) "O_______ motion", "I_____________ between surfaces" | "Opposes motion", "Interactions between surfaces" |
| Magnets "M________ materials (Iron/Steel/Nickel/Cobalt)", "Like poles ______" | "Magnetic materials (Iron/Steel/Nickel/Cobalt)", "Like poles repel" |
| Energy "C___________ of energy", "P____________ energy", "K_______ energy" | "Conversion of energy", "Potential energy", "Kinetic energy" |
| Materials F_________ (bend without breaking)", "S_________ (support weight without breaking)" | Flexibility (bend without breaking)", "Strength (support weight without breaking)" |
| Light "R___________", "O_______ (does not allow light to pass)", "Sh_______" | "Reflection", "Opaque (does not allow light to pass)", "Shadows" |
| Part of Plant Stem: Outer Ring. what is the name and function? | Name Function Phloem Transports Sugar/Food |
| Part of Plant Stem: Inner Ring. what is the name and function? | Name Function Xylem Transports Water/Minerals |
| Scenario: A torch is shining on a wooden cube. A screen is placed 20 cm behind the cube. Question: If the torch is moved further away from the wooden cube, what happens to the size of the shadow on the screen? Explain your answer. (2 Marks) | The Shadow gets SMALLER. "As the torch is moved further from the cube, the cube blocks less light from the torch. Since light travels in straight lines, the area of the screen where light is blocked (the shadow) becomes smaller." |
| Where does fertilisation take place in humans? | In the fallopian tube. |
| State 3 characteristic that both plants and animals have. | They grow. They reproduce. They need air to survive. |
| A lamp lights up when it is switched on. What is the main energy conversion? | Electrical energy → light energy |
| A boy pushes a box across the floor. After he stops pushing, the box slows down and eventually stops. (a) Name the force that causes the box to slow down. (b) Explain why the box stops moving. | (a) Friction (b) Friction acts between the box and the floor and opposes the motion of the box, causing it to slow down and stop |
| Why must the fertilised egg implant itself in the uterus? | So that it can receive nutrients and oxygen from the mother to develop into a baby. |
| A plant is placed in a dark cupboard but is watered regularly. Predict what will happen to the plant after two weeks and explain why. | The plant will grow weak or die because it cannot make food without light for photosynthesis. |
| A wet cloth dries faster when it is spread out under the sun than when it is folded indoors. | Spreading the cloth increases the surface area and the heat from the Sun increases the rate of evaporation, causing the water to dry faster. |
| State one similarity and one difference between seeds and spores. | Similarity: Both can grow into a new organism. Difference: Seeds contain stored food, while spores do not. |
| A battery‑operated fan is switched on. State the energy conversions that take place. | Chemical energy → electrical energy → kinetic energy |
| Why is it harder to push a heavy trolley than a light trolley on the same floor? | The heavier trolley has a greater frictional force acting on it, so more force is needed to move it |
| A bulb does not light up even though a battery and wires are connected. State TWO possible reasons why the bulb does not light up. | The circuit is incomplete. The bulb is faulty. The battery is flat. The wires are not connected properly. |
| Why is plastic used to cover electrical wires instead of metal? | Plastic is an insulator that does not allow electricity to pass through, preventing electric shocks. |
| Three bulbs are connected in a series circuit. One bulb is removed. What happens to the other two bulbs? Explain why. | The other two bulbs will not light up because removing one bulb breaks the circuit, so electricity cannot flow. |
| An electric bell rings when a switch is pressed. State the main energy conversion that takes place. | Electrical energy → sound energy |
| Two identical bulbs are connected to the same battery. Circuit A: bulbs connected in series Circuit B: bulbs connected in parallel Which circuit has brighter bulbs? Explain why. | The bulbs in Circuit B are brighter because each bulb receives the full electrical energy from the battery. |
| State two conditions needed for photosynthesis to take place. | Light Water Carbon dioxide Chlorophyll |
| Why is photosynthesis important to animals? | Photosynthesis produces food and oxygen, which animals need for energy and breathing. |
| A green plant is kept in a dark room for a long time but is watered regularly. (a) What will happen to the plant? (b) Explain why. | (a) The plant will grow weak and eventually die. (b) Without light, the plant cannot carry out photosynthesis to make food. |
| Why are most leaves broad and flat? | To increase surface area to receive more light for photosynthesis. |
| A plant is the first organism in a food chain. Explain how photosynthesis supports the rest of the food chain. | Photosynthesis allows the plant to make food, which provides energy to animals that eat the plant or other animals. |
| Some leaves are removed from a plant. What effect will this have on the plant’s ability to make food? Explain. | The plant will make less food because fewer leaves are available to carry out photosynthesis. |
| Plant A has dark green leaves. Plant B has pale green leaves. Which plant is likely to carry out photosynthesis at a faster rate? Explain why. | Plant A, because dark green leaves contain more chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis. |
| A gas is compressed into a container. What happens to the space between the gas particles? Explain your answer. | The space between the gas particles decreases because the particles are forced closer together. |
| Ice cubes are left on a table in a room. (a) Name the change of state that takes place. (b) Explain why this change occurs. | (a) Melting (b) The ice gains heat from the surroundings, causing it to change from solid to liquid |
| A sealed bottle contains air. The bottle is placed on a weighing scale. If the air is removed from the bottle, what happens to the mass of the bottle? Explain why. | The mass decreases because air has mass, and removing the air removes some mass from the bottle. |
| A metal spoon and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. The metal spoon becomes hot faster than the plastic spoon. Explain why. | Metal conducts heat better than plastic, so heat is transferred to the metal spoon more quickly. |
| Wet clothes dry faster on a windy day than on a still day. | Wind carries away water vapour, increasing the rate of evaporation and causing the clothes to dry faster. |
| A liquid is poured from a short wide container into a tall narrow container. What happens to the volume of the liquid? Explain your answer. | The volume remains the same because the amount of liquid does not change. |
| State one difference between particles in a solid and a gas. | Solid particles are closely packed, while gas particles are far apart. Solid particles vibrate in fixed positions, while gas particles move freely. |
| What is the main function of the human circulatory system? | To transport substances such as oxygen, nutrients and waste products around the body. |
| A person’s heartbeat increases during exercise. | During exercise, muscles need more oxygen and nutrients, so the heart beats faster to pump more blood to the muscles. |
| What is the main function of the human respiratory system? | To allow oxygen to enter the body and remove carbon dioxide. |
| Why does a person breathe faster after running? | The body needs more oxygen and must remove more carbon dioxide produced during exercise. |
| Explain how the respiratory system and circulatory system work together. | The respiratory system takes in oxygen into the lungs, and the circulatory system transports the oxygen to all parts of the body. |
| True or False: “The heart pumps oxygen directly to the body.” | False. ✅ Explanation: The heart pumps blood, which carries oxygen to the body. |
| A seed is placed in soil with enough water and air but no light. Will the seed germinate? Explain your answer. | Yes, the seed will germinate because light is not needed for germination. However, the plant will not grow well later without light. |
| A tomato is eaten by an animal, and the seeds are later dispersed. Explain how the tomato helps in seed dispersal. | The tomato attracts animals to eat it, and the seeds are dispersed when the animal moves away and releases them. |
| State one difference between seed dispersal by wind and by water. | Seeds dispersed by wind are usually light, while seeds dispersed by water can float. |
| A plant has many healthy roots but very few leaves. Predict how this will affect the plant’s growth. Explain why. | The plant will not grow well because fewer leaves are available to carry out photosynthesis to make food. |
| Why do seeds need stored food even though plants can make their own food? | The stored food provides energy for the young plant before it has leaves to carry out photosynthesis. |
| A student removes the seed coat before planting a seed. How might this affect the seed? Explain your answer. | The seed may be damaged or dry out because the seed coat protects the seed. |
| Why do plants growing in dry soil often have longer roots? | Longer roots allow the plant to absorb water from deeper parts of the soil. |
| Seeds of the same plant vary in size. How might having seeds of different sizes help the plant species survive? | Different seed sizes increase the chances that some seeds will survive and grow under different conditions. |
| Some plants reproduce using spores instead of seeds. State one advantage of using spores. | Spores are produced in large numbers, increasing the chances of reproduction. |
| Two identical seeds are planted: Seed A in fertile soil Seed B in poor soil Both receive the same amount of water, air and light. Predict which plant will grow better and explain why. | Plant A will grow better because fertile soil contains more mineral salts needed for healthy growth. |
| State whether each trait is inherited or acquired. (a) Ability to roll the tongue (b) Height (c) A scar on the arm (d) Blood group | (a) Inherited (b) Inherited (c) Acquired (d) Inherited |
| A child has a different skin colour from both parents. Explain how this is possible. | The child inherits traits from both parents, and different combinations of inherited traits can result in variation. |
| True or False: “A child will always look exactly like one of his parents.” | ✅ Answer: False. ✅ Explanation: A child inherits traits from both parents, resulting in a combination of traits. |
| Identical twins often look very similar but may not be exactly the same in every way. Explain why. | Although identical twins inherit the same traits, their environment and experiences can cause differences in acquired traits. |
| A man builds strong arm muscles after months of exercise. Can this trait be passed on to his children? Explain why. | No, because strong muscles are an acquired trait and only inherited traits can be passed on to children. |
| People in the same family often have different heights. State one reason why. | They may inherit different combinations of traits from their parents. |
| Two brothers have inherited similar height traits. One grows up with a healthy diet while the other does not. Predict how their heights may differ. Explain why. | The brother with a healthy diet may grow taller because environmental factors such as nutrition affect growth. |
| Which of the following traits are most likely inherited? Hairstyle Eye colour Language spoken Dimples | Eye colour Dimples |
| A child born with attached earlobes later gets them surgically separated. State: (a) The original trait (b) The trait after surgery (c) Which trait can be passed on to the child’s offspring | (a) Inherited trait (b) Acquired trait (c) The original inherited trait |
| Why is the statement below incorrect? “A child inherits his parents’ skills.” | Skills are acquired traits and are learned through experience, not inherited. |
| A torch uses batteries to produce light. (a) What is the energy source? (b) What is the main energy conversion? | (a) Chemical energy (in the battery) (b) Chemical energy → electrical energy → light energy |
| A moving bicycle eventually stops when the rider stops pedalling. Explain why. | Friction converts the bicycle’s kinetic energy into heat energy, causing the bicycle to slow down and stop. |
| A hot metal spoon is placed into a cup of cold water. Explain how energy is transferred. | Heat energy is transferred from the hot spoon to the cold water. |
| A child slides down a playground slide. Explain how energy changes during the motion. | Gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the child slides down. Some energy is also converted into heat due to friction. |
| An electric fan is switched on. State two energy conversions that take place. | Electrical energy → kinetic energy Electrical energy → sound energy |
| Two light bulbs produce the same brightness. Bulb A uses more electrical energy than Bulb B. Which bulb is more energy‑efficient? Explain why. | Bulb B is more energy‑efficient because it produces the same brightness using less electrical energy. |
| Why is the following statement incorrect? “Energy is used up when a machine is operating.” | Energy is not used up but converted from one form to another. |
| Explain how energy from the Sun eventually helps a human to move. | Plants use light energy from the Sun to make food. Humans eat the plants or animals, and the chemical energy from the food is converted into kinetic energy for movement. |
| Why do brakes of a bicycle become hot after being used for a long time? | Friction converts the kinetic energy of the bicycle into heat energy, causing the brakes to become hot. |
| A toy car moves a shorter distance on a rough surface than on a smooth surface when pushed with the same force. Explain why. | The rough surface produces more friction, converting more kinetic energy into heat energy and causing the toy car to stop sooner. |
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