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Patho
MIDTERM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that was initially benign but has since progressed to a malignant state How should the nurse describe this type of tumor? | Malignant Tumor |
| A male patient is diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a disorder that primary affects males and is passed from carrier mothers. What is the mode of inheritance for this condition? | X-linked recessive |
| The 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA are | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
| A 45-year-old patient with chronic acid reflux undergoes an endoscopy , which revels that columnar epithelium has replaced the normal squamous epithelium in the lower esophagus. What type of cellular adaptation is this? | Answer: Metaplasia Choices: a. Anaplasia b. Hyperplasia c. Anaplasia d. Dysplasia |
| A 65 yo male with a history of chronic kidney disease experiences muscle wasting in his legs due to decreased physical activity. In contracts, a 30 yo pregnant female undergoes increased glandular cell growth in her breast tissue to prepare for lactation | Answer: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size or number, while hyperplasia is an increase in cell number. |
| A patient experiences an exaggerated immune response after being exposed to pollen, resulting in sneezing, hives, and difficulty breathing. What the best describes this type of immune reaction? | Answer: Hypersensitivity Choices: A. Hypersensitivity B. Autoimmunity C. Immunodeficiency D. Inflammation |
| A patient receives a kidney transplant and later experiences organ rejection due to their immune system attacking the donor tissue. What type of immune reaction is occurring? | Answer: Alloimmune Choices: A. Autoimmune B. Anaphylaxis C. Alloimmune D. Allergic |
| A patient is diagnose with prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bone. According to the cancer staging system, what stage does this represent? | Answer: Stage 4 |
| 4 yo child with a history of living in an older home with peeling paint is brought to the clinic for developmental delays, irritability, and abdominal pain. Blood tests revel elevated lead levels. Which organs are primarily affected by lead toxicity? | Answer: Brain and Kidneys Choices: A. Liver and pancreas B. Heart and lungs C. Brain and Kidneys D. Stomach and intestines |
| A DNA strand has a region with the sequence GCTTAGC. Which of the following would be a complementary strand? | Answer: CGAATCG |
| A patient experiences a myocardial infarction, leading to severe cell injury, swelling and the breakdown of organelles, ultimately resulting in cell death. | Answer: Necrosis Choices: A. Apoptosis B. Necrosis C. Atrophy D. Metaplasia |
| A patient with Type O blood needs a blood transfusion. The nurse understands that Type O individuals have which of the following antibodies in their plasma? | Answer: Both Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies Choices: A. Anti-O antibodies B. Both Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies C. Only Anti-A antibodies D. No antibodies |
| The term used when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. | Answer: Nondisjunction Choices: A. Translocation B. Nondisjunction C. Deletion D. Inversion |
| A 22 yo patient is recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which lab finding is most likely to be decreased in this patient? | Answer: CD4+ T cell count Choices: A. B. Red blood cell count C. Platelet count D. CD8+ T cell count |
| A nurse is educating a student about cancer genetics. Which of the following best describes normal genes that regulate cell growth and division? | Answer: Proto-Oncogenes Choices: A. Proto-oncogenes B. Tumor suppressor genes C. Apoptosis genes D. Hereditary genes |
| Stem cells that can develop into any type of cell are referred to as | Answer: Totipotent Choices: A. Pluripotent B. Multipotent C. Totipotent D. Unipotent |
| A 25 yo woman experiences a spontaneous miscarriage at 10 weeks of gestation. Genetic testing of the fetal tissue reveals 92 chromosome. Which term best describes this chromosomal abnormality? | Answer: Tetraploidy A. Trisomy B. Triploidy C. Tetraaploidy D. Aneuploidy |
| A 60 yo male with hx of htn sufferers a mi. Imaging reveals tissue death in the left ventricle due to restricted blood flow. | Answer: Coagulative Necrosis A. Caseous necrosis B. Coagulative necrosis C. Liquefactive D. Fat necrosis |
| A nurse is educating a patient about live attenuated virus vaccines. Which statement by the patient indicates a correct understanding of these vaccines? | These vaccines use weakened viruses that can still replicate but do not cause disease in health individuals. |
| A 55 yo male with hx chronic gastritis is diagnosed with gastric cancer. Which of the following factors is most strongly associated with the development of this type of cancer? | Answer: H.pylori Choices: A. HPV B. AFP markers C. H. pylori D. Ulcerative colitis |
| A patient receives an IV of a hypertonic drug solution. What happens to cells in that area? What happens to cells in that area? What transport process is responsible? | Answer: Cells shrink as water leaves them: the process is osmosis. |
Created by:
Maru88
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