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Chapter 6 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
central dogma of molecular biology carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and then helps assemble the protein
Chargaff's rules the concentration of adenine was always about the same as the concentration of thymine
messenger RNA (mRNA) copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm.
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) helps form ribosomes, where proteins are assembled
transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins
codon letters that are combined in groups of 3 to form code "words"
genetic code consists of the sequence of nitrogen bases - A, C, G, T (or U) - in a polynucleotide chain
promoter occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene
protein synthesis the process in which cells make proteins
transcription the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA --> RNA
translation the second part of the central dogma of molecular biology: RNA --> protein
chromosomal alteration mutations that change chromosome structure
frameshift mutation a deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides that change the reading frame of the base sequence.
genetic disorder a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes.
germline mutation Occurs in gametes. They're transmitted to offspring and every cell in the offspring will have the mutation
mutagen anything in the environment that can cause a mutation
mutation a change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA
point mutation a change in a single nucleotide in DNA
somatic mutation Occurs in other cells of the body. Has little effect on the organism because they are confined to just one cell and its daughter cells
Created by: grous3
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