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cellbio 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | to maintain constant internal environment |
| muscle tissue | for movement, can contract and elongate |
| nerve tissue | carries chemical impulses so brain and body can communicate |
| epithelial tissue | anything exposed to the outside world |
| connective tissue | tissue thats not muscle, nerve, or epithelial. supports all other tissues and holds them together |
| 4 elements that dominate life | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| polar covalent bond | H and O share electrons, O takes the electron and becomes neg while H has its electron taken and becomes pos.reacts with ater |
| nonpolar covalent bond | C and H share electrons and both keep a neutral charge. doesnt react with water |
| hydrogen bond | H has a pos tendency and O has a neg tendency, opposites attract. weakest bond type |
| adhesion | sticks to other things |
| cohesion | sticks to itself |
| buffer | chemicals added to a solution to resist pH change |
| hydrocarbon bonds | hydrophobic, very high energy |
| functional groups | in hydrocarbon chains, other molecules carbon likes to bind to |
| hydroxyl group | OH groups that make molecule polar |
| methyl group | CH3 groups that make molecules nonpolar |
| amine group | turn things basic |
| phosphate group | turn things acidic |
| sulphur group | holds proteins together |
| carbohydrates | made of simple sugars |
| glucose | building block for larger carbs |
| ribose | sugar used for DNA |
| simple sugar uses | great energy source, great way to store energy |
| complex carbs | long chains of simple sugars built with dehydration synthesis |
| starch | energy storage, what plants make |
| glycogen | energy storage, what animals make |
| cellulose | structural component of plants. fiber |
| simple lipids | hydrophobic and high energy |
| triglycerides | lipid base with fatty acid tails. make up fats and oils |
| fats | energy storage for animals, solid at room temp |
| oils | energy storage for plants, liquid at room temp |
| saturated fats | full of hydrogen, hard to break down, unhealthy |
| unsaturated fats | easier to break down, usually oils |
| trans fats | artificially hydrogenated unsaturated fats, body cant break them down, extremely unhealthy |
| complex lipids | made of simple lipid + something else. |
| phospholipids | water loving part and hydrophobic part. form a bilayer where water loving parts form the outside walls and hydrophobic oils hide on the inside |
| steroids | hydrophobic, make up hormones |
| hormone | chemical messenger |
| protein | made of amino acids, store energy well |
| how many amino acids? | 20 |
| primary structure | linear sequences of amino acids |
| secondary structure | based on internal hydrogen bonds |
| tertiary structure | based on internal covalent bonds |
| quaternary structure | based on sequence of proteins |
| fibrous proteins | long strands of proteins. give structure to body and allow for movement |
| globular proteins | complicated chains, delicate. very chemically reactive, antibodies |
| nucleic acids | made of nucleotides |
| nucleotides | phosphate attached to a sugar and a nitrogen base |
| nucleus | protein production starts here, home of DNA, largest organelle |
| messenger RNA | carries messages from DNA on how to make a protein |
| ribosomes | builds proteins for outside the cell, smallest organelle |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | builds proteins for inside the cell |
| transport vescicles | transport things around cell |
| golgi apparatus | receives vescicles and sends them off to where they're supposed to go |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | makes lipids, glucose, detoxification |
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