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bio 9

TermDefinition
Allele One of a number of different forms of a gene
Fertilization Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Gamete Sex cell
Gene Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Genetics Scientific study of heredity
Hybrid Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Principle of Dominance Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Segregation Separation of alleles during gamete formation
Trait Specific characteristics of an individual
Genotype Genetic makeup of an organism
Homozygous Having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous Having 2 different alleles for a particular gene
Independent assortment One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Phenotype Physical characteristics of an organism
Probability Likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnett Square Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype of combinations of a genetic cross
Codominance Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed
Incomplete Dominance Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Multiple allele A gene that has more than 2 alleles
Polygenic trait Trait controlled by 2 or more genes
Homologous Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent
Diploid Term used to refer to a cells that contains 2 sets of homologous chromosomes
Haploid Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
Meiosis Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Tetrad Structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
Crossing-over Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Zygote Fertilized egg
Created by: user-1962466
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