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Lab 2 Exam Review
Heart & Conduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Size of the heart? | About the size of a fist |
| Where is the heart located? | In the mediastinum (medial cavity of the thorax) |
| Where does the apex of the heart rest? | Extends slightly left and rests on the diaphragm |
| What sac encloses the heart? | Pericardium |
| What is the visceral pericardium also called? | Epicardium |
| What separates the parietal and visceral pericardium? | Serous fluid (allows frictionless movement) |
| What is the heart wall made of? | Myocardium |
| What type of sac encloses the heart? | Double-walled fibro-serous sac (pericardium) |
| Name the two serous pericardial layers | Visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium |
| What is pericarditis? | Inflammation of the pericardium |
| What does pericarditis cause? | Painful adhesions that interfere with heart movement |
| Which chambers are the receiving chambers? | Two atria (superior) |
| What are auricles? | Ear-like pouches that increase atrial capacity |
| Which chambers are the pumping chambers? | Two ventricles (inferior) |
| What lines the chambers of the heart? | Endocardium (squamous epithelium) |
| What divides the atria? | Interatrial septum |
| What divides the ventricles? | Interventricular septum |
| Blood enters the right atrium from what 3 vessels? | Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus |
| Blood enters the left atrium from what vessels? | Four pulmonary veins |
| Right ventricle pumps blood into? | Pulmonary trunk |
| Left ventricle pumps blood into? | Aorta |
| What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins? | Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa |
| What is the lumen? | Central blood-containing space |
| What are capillaries made of? | Endothelium with sparse basal lamina |
| What do AV valves prevent? | Backflow of blood into atria |
| Left AV valve? | Bicuspid (mitral) valve |
| Right AV valve? | Tricuspid valve |
| What anchors AV valve flaps? | Chordae tendineae |
| Chordae tendineae attach to what? | Papillary muscles |
| Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located? | Exit of right ventricle |
| Where is the aortic semilunar valve located? | Exit of left ventricle |
| How many cusps do semilunar valves have? | Three |
| Blood flow starting at vena cava? | SVC/IVC → Right atrium → Tricuspid → Right ventricle → Pulmonary SL → Pulmonary trunk → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Mitral → Left ventricle → Aortic SL → Aorta → Body |
| Pulmonary circulation? | Right heart → lungs → oxygen pickup |
| Systemic circulation? | Left heart → body → oxygen delivery |
| Cardiac circulation? | Coronary arteries supply heart muscle |
| Angina pectoris? | Temporary decreased blood flow; pain but no tissue death |
| Myocardial infarction? | Prolonged blockage; tissue death |
| Incompetent valve? | Backflow due to improper closure |
| Stenosis? | Valve stiffening and narrowing |
| What is the pacemaker of the heart? | SA node |
| Conduction pathway order? | SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers |
| Why does the AV node delay impulse? | Allows atria to contract before ventricles |
| P wave represents? | Atrial depolarization |
| QRS complex represents? | Ventricular depolarization |
| T wave represents? | Ventricular repolarization |
| Arrhythmia? | Irregular heart rhythm |
| Tachycardia? | HR > 100 bpm |
| Bradycardia? | HR < 60 bpm |
| Fibrillation? | Rapid, uncoordinated contractions; ineffective pumping |
Created by:
mdonovan8742
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