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Structures/Behaviors
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| environment | the surroundings or conditions in which an organism must survive; includes living and nonliving elements |
| function | what something is used for; purpose; the 'why?' it's built like that (for example webbed feet on a duck's function is to help them swim) |
| inherited trait | a characteristic that is passed from the parent to the offspring |
| instinctual behavior (instincts) | automatic behaviors that are inherited |
| learned behaviors | something an organism learns to do as they interact in their world |
| species | a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of producing offspring |
| structure | a part or group of parts of an organism; the 'how?' it's built (for example webbing between the claws of a duck is a structure) |
| survive (survival) | continue to live or exist |
| dormant (dormancy) | a phase of very little (minimal) activity (ex. trees in winter, frogs in winter) |
| similar | having qualities in common |
| unique | being the only one of its kind; very unusual |
| offspring | a living organism that is made when a plant or animal reproduces |
| thrive | for a living thing—like a plant, animal, or human—to grow strong, healthy, and vigorous, developing very well in its environment |
| advantage | a feature, tool, or condition that gives someone or something a better chance of success, making a task easier or more effective |
| disadvantage | a condition, feature, or situation that makes it harder for something to succeed, function properly, or compete effectively |
| desert | a large, dry area of land that receives very little rainfall—usually less than 10 inches (25-30 cm) per year; limited plant life |
| forest | a large, natural and wild, green space that is covered with thick vegetation and has various kinds of animals living in it |
| grassland | Large areas covered with grasses |
| graze | a type of feeding behavior where animals (herbivores) eat low-growing plants like grass, herbs, and algae |
| habitat | the natural home or environment where a plant, animal, or other living thing lives and gets everything it needs to survive, such as food, water, shelter, and space to grow; think of it as an animal's "address" in nature |
| hibernation | a deep, long winter sleep that helps animals save energy when food is scarce and temperatures are freezing; their body temperature drops, and their heart rate and breathing slow down significantly to survive months without eating |
| jungle | a thick, tropical forest with tangled vegetation and dense, low-growing plants, often found at the sunny edges of rainforests |
| migration | the regular, seasonal movement of animals from one habitat to another to find food, better weather, or a safe place to breed |
| nocturnal | creatures that are awake, active, and hunt for food during the night, then sleep during the day; they have special adaptations like huge eyes for seeing in the dark, keen hearing, and great smell to thrive in low-light conditions |
| polar | an extremely cold, windy, and icy environment found at the very top (Arctic) and bottom (Antarctica) of Earth |
| prairie | a large, open, and mostly flat habitat dominated by grasses and wildflowers rather than trees |
| predator | an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals (called prey) to survive |
| prey | any animal that is hunted, caught, and eaten by another animal (the predator) for food |
| tundra | the coldest biome on Earth, known as a "treeless plain" because freezing temperatures, little rain, and permafrost (permanently frozen soil) stop trees from growing |
| adult | the final, fully grown stage of an organism that is mature and capable of reproducing |
| complete metamorphosis | a four-stage life cycle where an insect CHANGES COMPLETELY in shape and form from baby to adult; includes the stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult (examples: butterflies, lady beetles, mosquitos) |
| egg | the first stage in many animal life cycles (like birds, insects, and frogs), acting as a protective, nutrient-rich container for a developing baby embryo |
| incomplete metamorphosis | a 3-stage life cycle (egg, nymph, adult) where young insects, called nymphs, look like tiny, wingless versions of their parents; must molt (shed skin) several times to grow wings and become adults (examples: grasshoppers, cockroaches, dragonflies) |
| larva | the young, immature form of an insect or animal that hatches from an egg and LOOKS TOTALLY DIFFERENT from the ADULT |
| life cycle | the stages a living thing goes through from birth to adulthood to producing its own young |
| nymph | the young, immature form of certain insects that hatches from an egg and LOOKS LIKE a smaller, wingless VERSION OF THE ADULT |
| pupa | an insect that is in the stage of development between a larva and a fully grown adult; it has a protective covering and does not move |
| seed | a tiny, protective package containing a baby plant (embryo) and food, acting as the starting point in a plant's life cycle |
| seedling | a young, fragile plant that has just sprouted from a seed, marking the first stage of growth after germination |
| molt | shed skin |
| reproduce | make offspring |
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