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Week 5

Replication, transcription + translation

QuestionAnswer
DNA vs. RNA DNA: deoxyribose sugar, double stranded + T base RNA: ribose sugar, single stranded + U base
Explain flow of genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell Transcription in the nucleus (RNA strand is created); leaves through nuclear pores as mRNA, binds to ribosome in the cytoplasm; translation happens are protein is built
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base + phosphate group
Purine. vs Pyrimidine Purine: A, G (larger, 6 member ring fused to 5 member ring) Pyrimidine: C, T/U (smaller, 6 member ring)
Deoxyribose vs. ribose sugar OH vs. H group on the 2' carbon position
What is the chemical reaction/bonds that join nucelotides together? Phosphodiester linkage (dehydration synthesis)
What does 5' or 3' of a strand mean? The direction of the DNA/RNA strand. New nucleotides are only added on to the 3' end
Why is the arrangement of the 2 strands in a DNA molecule said to be 'antiparallel'? they run in oposite directions (one 5'-3' other one 3'-5')
What components of DNA form the backbone of the molecule and which ones face the centre of the double helix? Phosphate groups + pentose sugar on outside/backbone, nitrgenous bases on inside
What kinds of chemical attractions hold the 2 strands in a DNA molecule together? hydrgoegn bonds hold bases together
Which nitrogenous bases pair together and why in DNA? C-G (3 hydrogen bonds) A-T/U (2 hydrogen bonds) complementry hydrogen bonds + optimal spacing between backbones
Why is DNA replication described as 'semiconservative' Each new DNA helix is made with one of the old parent strands (1 new strand, 1 old strand)
What is a replication bubble?
Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells based on the number of origins of replication
Helicase function (in DNA replication)
Primase function (in DNA replication)
DNA polymerase function (in DNA replication)
Ligase function (in DNA replication)
What is a primer + why is it needed?
Why cant 2 strands of the new DNA molecule ne synthesized in the exact same way?
Explain synthesis of the leading strand
Explain synthesis of the lagging strand
What are Okazaki fragments + why do they occur?
nucleic acid monomer + polymer names + the 2 major types of nucleic acids Nucleotides + polynucleotides DNA + RNA
Created by: every_august
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