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cell reproduction

Biology cellular reproduction

QuestionAnswer
What are the two stages of prokaryotic cell division? “Copy the DNA” (replication) and “split the cell in two to form daughter cells” (binary fission).
What is the prokaryotic chromosome made of? “A single circle of DNA.”
What are the three bacterial mechanisms for acquiring new DNA? Conjugation, transformation, and transduction.
What are the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle? Interphase (G1, S, G2), mitosis (M), cytokinesis (C).
What are homologous chromosomes? Chromosomes that “contain the same genes but… may have different variations… called alleles.”
What happens during prophase of mitosis? Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disintegrates, nucleolus disappears, centrioles move to poles, spindle forms.
What is the G1 checkpoint? It “determines whether the cell should divide and enter S phase.”
What is a benign tumor?  A tumor “surrounded by a healthy layer of cells (encapsulated)” that does not spread.
What does the p53 gene do? “Detects abnormal DNA” and prevents division until repaired or triggers destruction.
Why does meiosis occur? “To produce gametes (sperm or eggs).”
What is crossing over? “The chromatids break in the same place and a section of each chromosome is swapped.”
What are the two unique features of meiosis? Synapsis and reduction division.
Created by: oliviavanwort
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