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BI220 E1 L3
lecture 3 slides
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell wall | structure and stability. plants, fungi, protists |
| plant cell wall | primary & secondary - made of cellulose |
| fungi | single - chitin (carbohydrate) |
| protists | single - cellulose, modded sugars, proteins. pellicle - flexible outer covering |
| cytoplasm | intracellular space between membrane and nucleus. contains cytosol, organelles, inclusions (glycogen granules, pigments, vacuoles, etc.) |
| ribosomes | granular enzymes containing protein & RNA, involved in protein synthesis (transl) |
| free ribosomes | synthesize soluble proteins for cytosol / other organelles |
| membrane-bound ribosomes | bound to ER, synthesize proteins for trafficking |
| Svedberg unit | size measurement |
| endomembrane system components | nucleus, er, golgi body, lysosomes, vesicles/vacuoles, cell membrane |
| nucleus | membrane-enclosed structure containing chromatin, site of DNA rep and transcr |
| nucleolus | small dense ball inside nucleus associated w/ rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly |
| nuclear envelope | membrane bilayer surrounding nucleus, regulates entry and egress through nuclear pores |
| nucleoplasm | cytoplasm of the nucleus |
| nuclear lamina | dense fibrous protein network, provides nucleus structure and disassembles it during cell division |
| nuclear matrix / chromosome territories | fiber network that scaffolds to establish designated chromosome territories |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of membrane sacs that synthesizes and stores proteins etc, connected to nuclear envelope |
| rough ER | synthesis and modification (glycosylation: adding sugar moieties) of proteins for trafficking, covered in ribosomes |
| smooth ER | site of lipid synthesis mods, carb metabolism, detox, no ribosomes, stores Ca2+ |
| golgi apparatus | cisternae (flattened membrane sacs) network, mod proteins/lipids from ER and ship them off in transport vesicles |
| transport vesicles | membrane-bound sacs that move molecules around the cell |
| lysosomes | small membrane bound vesicles made by golgi, contains acidic conditions and hydrolytic enzymes to recycle materials, phagocytosis = destroys ingested bacteria |
| golgi cis face | receives unmodded/immature proteins from vesicles, faces ER |
| golgi trans face | modded proteins leave, faces cytoplasm |
| plasma membrane | phospholipid bilayer. protect cell, maintain ion conc., selectively permeable, facilitate cell comms, cell adhesion |
| mitochondria | generate ATP by cell respiration, have their own ribosomes & DNA, self replicates by simple fission |
| mitochondria structure | outer membrane --> inner membrane space --> inner membrane --> matrix |
| chloroplast | contains chlorophyll, used for photosynthesis, present in plants, have their own DNA and ribosomes |
| chloroplast structure | inside: stroma thylakoid: flattened sacs inside stroma grana: columns of thylakoids |
| endosymbiotic theory | eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotic cells |
| peroxisomes | lipid metabolism, reduction of toxic materials |
| vacuoles | stores excess materials (central, contractile, food) |
| cytoskeleton | complex fiber network - cell structure, motility, intracellular transport of materials |
| 3 main types of cytoskeleton | microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules |
| microfilaments | smallest fibers (actin). plasma membrane. cell shape and small membrane changes for motility. |
| intermediate filaments | intermediate size. organelle positioning, structural support, cell-to-cell connections. |
| microtubules | largest fibers (tubulin) responsible for vesicle movement throughout the cell, cell division, motility structures (flagella, cilia). centrosomes + centrioles |
| flagella | long hair like projections for motility |
| cilia | small hair like projections for motility and movement of substances (cilia of resp tract keep particles out of lungs) |
| microvilli | tiny finger like extensions of plasma membrane, increase surface area |
Created by:
knorrod
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