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Protein Synthesis/GE

Test Friday 2/13 - RNA, Mutations, genetic engineering

TermDefinition
Define RNA A molecule that carries instructions from DNA and helps make proteins in the cell
What are the 3 types of RNA? Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What are the functions of each type of RNA? mRNA carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome to build a protein, rRNA makes up part of the ribosome and helps put the protein together
How does RNA differ from DNA? RNA has ribose, uses uracil instead of thymine, is usually single-stranded, and helps make protein
What is the genetic code and is it universal for all organisms? The genetic code is the set of rules that tells how codons code for specific amino acids to make proteins. It is almost universal
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis to store the instructions for making protein
What is a codon? a group of 3 bases on mRNA that codes for one amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis
How many bases in a codon? three bases (3 nucleotides)
How many codons in an amino acid? one codon codes for one amino acid
How many nucleotides in an amino acid? 3 nucleotides
Why are there more codons than amino acids? because there are 64 possible codons but only 20 amino acids
Summary of transcription
Summary of translation
Define mutation
Define mutagen
Types of gene mutations & results of each
Types of chromosomal mutations
Difference between gene mutations & chromosomal mutations
Define selective breeding
Define hybridization
Define inbreeding
Define induced mutations
Advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding
What is used to cut DNA for gel electrophoresis? restriction enzymes
Created by: lenkabenka0
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