Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO102 UNIT 1
unit 1: evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 3 revelations make up our understanding of Earth? | 1. how continents have changed through geologic time, 2. how climate has changed over geologic time, and 3. how organisms changed through geologic time |
| Who proposed the continental drift theory and when? | Alfred Wegener in 1912 |
| What was the supercontinent Earth shifted from? | Pangea |
| What 2 climate states did Earth have? | 1. ice-house (like today) and 2. hot-house (Mesozoic) |
| Paleoclimate can be inferred from sediments. What can we infer from coal? | Wet terrestrial climate |
| Paleoclimate can be inferred from sediments. What can we infer from rock salt? | Dry terrestrial climate |
| Paleoclimate can be inferred from sediments. What can we infer from ice? | Glaciers or cold climate |
| What theory was created to understand how organisms have changed through geologic time? | Theory of Natural Selection |
| Who do we credit for an early view of evolution? | Jean Baptiste Lamarck (Lamarckism) |
| What WAS the early view of evolution by Lamarck? | environment influences your characteristics or traits / acquired genes cannot be inherited |
| What is the law of faunal succession? | Species change over time (faunal turnover) |
| Who is the founding father of paleontology? | George Cuvier |
| What did the founding father of paleontology establish? | He established extinction as a fact |
| Who independently discovered the theory of natural selection? | Alfred Wallace Russell (co-founded with Darwin in 1858) |
| What was the Wallace line? | Faunal divide of Asian and Australian species in Indonesia |
| What is stratigraphy? | The layering of rock sequences that allow us to track changes in environments and organisms through time |
| What is the law of superposition (Steno's law)? | Younger sediments overlay older sediments |
| Why was proving extinction so important? | The world was not as known, dinosaur discoveries by 19th century scientists: Mantell, Owen, Marsh, Cope, etc. |
| How many observations did Darwin have? | Four |
| How many predictions did Darwin have? | Two |
| What is variation? | Darwin's first observation: members of a species differ from each other |
| What is heritability? | Darwin's second observation: all organisms are able to pass some traits to their offspring |
| What is reproductive fitness? | Darwin's third observation: the "fittest" is an individual that is best adapted to survive (number of offspring that survive to reproduce |
| What was Darwin's fourth observation? | Species produce more offspring than the environment can support |
| Darwin's first prediction states that if these observations are true, over time...? | The population will resemble the organisms that have the most offspring |
| Darwin's second prediction states that populations change more rapidly (evolution is faster) if...? | If organisms are lost from the gene pool before they can reproduce |
| What is positive selection? | Natural selection that increases the frequency of a favorite allele |
| What is negative selection? | Natural selection that decreases the frequency of a harmful allele |
| What is balancing selection? | Natural selection that keeps an allele at an intermediate frequency, maintaining multiple alleles in the population |
| What is stabilizing selection? | Negative selection against extreme values for a specific character |
| What is directional selection? | Positive selection for a character value that is above or below the average value for that trait |
| What is disruptive selection? | It selects for extreme character trait values, or against intermediate values |
| Can individuals evolve? | NO, only populations and species can evolve biologically |
| What is a species? | A group of individuals that can exchange genetic material through interbreeding or share alleles through reproduction |
| What does a gene pool consist of? | All the alleles present in all individuals in a species |
| What is a population? | An interbreeding group of organisms of the same species living in the same geographic area |
| What mechanisms can cause the evolution of populations? | Evolution occurs when the allele frequencies of a population change over time |
| What is the founder effect? | A type of genetic drift, when few individuals become isolated from the larger population and establish a new population |
| What is the bottleneck effect? | A type of genetic drift, sudden change in the environment reduces the size of the population leaving only a small percentage of the initial allele diversity |
| What is nonrandom mating? | Individuals preferentially choose mates according to their genotypes |
| Does sexual selection increase or decrease an individual's chance for survival? | Decrease |
Created by:
user-2023435
Popular Biology sets