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Mental health
chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mental health? | The ability to cope with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of living in an acceptable way. |
| What behaviors indicate a mentally healthy person? | Successfully carries out activities of daily living, adapts to change, solves problems, sets goals, enjoys life, and copes well |
| What three major factors influence mental health? | Inherited characteristics, childhood nurturing, and life circumstances |
| When is an individual considered mentally ill | When behaviors interfere with daily activities, impair judgment, or alter reality. |
| Define mental illness | A disturbance in one’s ability to cope effectively |
| What is the health–illness continuum? | A range from wellness on one end to sickness on the other, with most individuals falling in the middle |
| How did primitive societies view mental illness | As the result of the wrath of evil spirits or demonic possession. |
| How were mentally ill individuals treated in primitive societies? | They remained in society if nonviolent; violent individuals were banished |
| Who was Hippocrates and what did he believe | A Greek physician who believed mental illness resulted from an imbalance of humors |
| What were the four humors according to Hippocrates? | Air, fire, water, and earth. |
| What did Plato believe about mental illness | That it occurred when the rational soul failed to control the irrational soul. |
| How did early Christians explain mental illness | As punishment for witchcraft or evil influences. |
| What treatments were used during the Middle Ages | Exorcisms, religious ceremonies, confinement in asylums. |
| What were lunatic asylums | Large institutions where mentally ill individuals were confined, often in inhumane conditions |
| What role did women play in witchcraft accusations? | Women were believed to be carriers of the devil and were frequently accused. |
| What was The Witches’ Hammer | A book published in 1487 that fueled witch hunting. |
| What was Bethlehem Royal Hospital known as? | Bedlam. |
| How were patients treated at Bedlam? | They were chained, confined, and often displayed for public entertainment. |
| What changes occurred during the Renaissance? | Mental illness began to be recognized without bias and behaviors were recorded. |
| How did treatment remain during the Renaissance? | Inhumane, despite increased scientific understanding. |
| : What happened during the Protestant Reformation? | Many church-operated hospitals closed, leaving the sick and insane without care |
| Why was the 17th century especially harmful for the mentally ill? | Patients were bled, starved, beaten, and purged. |
| Who was Philippe Pinel? | A French physician who removed chains from mentally ill patients in 1792. |
| : What was Pinel’s major contribution? | Advocating humane treatment and viewing mentally ill individuals as human beings. |
| Who wrote the first psychiatric textbook in the U.S.? | Benjamin Rush, author of Diseases of the Mind |
| Who was Dorothea Dix? | A reformer who surveyed jails and asylums and improved care for the mentally ill. |
| What system of psychiatric care emerged in the late 1800s? | Private care for the wealthy and public care for the rest of society |
| Who was Clifford Beers? | An author and reformer who exposed institutional abuse in A Mind That Found Itself. |
| What organization did Clifford Beers help establish? | The Committee for Mental Hygiene |
| : Who developed psychoanalysis? | Sigmund Freud |
| What was Freud’s theory of mental illness based on? | : Internal and external forces, including repressed sexual energies. |
| How did World War I influence mental health care | Led to early screening, identification, and treatment of mental disorders in soldiers |
| What treatments emerged during wartime mental health care? | Amphetamines, insulin therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and lobotomy |
| What act funded construction of psychiatric units in 1937 | : The Hill-Burton Act |
| What disorder became widely recognized after the Korean and Vietnam Wars? | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). |
| What are psychotherapeutic drugs? | Chemicals that affect the mind. |
| : What is lithium carbonate used for? | Stabilizing mood in bipolar disorder. |
| What is chlorpromazine (Thorazine) | A first-generation antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and psychosis. |
| What is deinstitutionalization? | The movement to shift care from institutions to community-based settings. |
| Why did deinstitutionalization occur? | Belief that individuals could live in communities with outpatient support. |
| What act created community mental health centers? | Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963. |
| What laws improved access to mental health care coverage | Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Affordable Care Act |
Created by:
destiny638
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