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Week 4
Beyond Mendel and sex + sex linkage
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Complete dominance | A dominant allele will completly mask a recessive allele. ex. RR = red flowers; rr = white flowers + Rr = red flowers |
| What is meant by multiple alleles | 2 or more alleles in a single gene in a population. Ex. human blood types where there is I^A, I^B and i alleles. However a gene can only have/express 2 at a time. |
| Describe the inheritence of the ABO blood group in humans | I^A, I^B are dominant over i alleles. They combine to create 4 phenotypes; A, B, AB + O bloodtypes. |
| Epistasis definition | The expression of genes depends on the presense or absense of other genes. 2 or more genes work together to control a single trait; ex. chicken comb example in notes |
| Polygenic inheritance definition | A single complex trait controlled by 2 or more genes acting together; resulting in a continuois spectrum of phenotypic variation. ex. wheat kernel color or human skin color |
| Descirbe relationship between heredity and enviroment | The enviroment can interact/effect an organisms appearence/genetics. ex. the pH of the soil + aluminum availibility will effect the color of the hydrangea flowers |
| Explain chromosomal basis of sex determination | females have XX chromosome; males have XY |
| Explain the biological rationale of X inactivation in female mammals | X chromosomes produce more genes then Y so to make sure both chromosomes have the same "dose" 1 X chromosome becomes almost completly inactivated; called a Barr Body. typically lies along the inside of the nuclear envelope |
| Explain chromosomal basis of sex determination in grasshoppers, birds + bees | grasshoppers: X-0 (female XX males only X) birds: Z-W (female ZW male ZZ) bees: haplo-diplo system (female 2n/fertilized male n/unfertilized) |
| Incomplete dominance | Heterozygous have an intermediate phenotype. RR = red flowers; rr = white flowers; Rr = pink flowers |
| Codominance | Niether allele is dominant or recessive to the other. Both get expressed at the same time; ex. red + white = red and white patchy flowers |
| Pleiotropy definition | One gene influences several different characters |
| Dominant vs recessive disorder pattern in a pedigree | Ressive need both alleles to carry the trait to express it (will "skip" generations) and dominant only needs one dom: parents have, child doesnt rec: parents dont have, child does |
Created by:
every_august
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